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<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="740" height="416" src="https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/106855058-1615966707432-gettyimages-1230548836-GERMANY_HOSPITAL.jpeg" alt="" class="wp-image-411724" srcset="https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/106855058-1615966707432-gettyimages-1230548836-GERMANY_HOSPITAL.jpeg 740w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/106855058-1615966707432-gettyimages-1230548836-GERMANY_HOSPITAL-300x169.jpeg 300w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/106855058-1615966707432-gettyimages-1230548836-GERMANY_HOSPITAL-160x90.jpeg 160w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 740px) 100vw, 740px" /><figcaption>A healthcare worker cares for a Covid-19 patient in the ICU ward at the Robert Bosch Hospital in Stuttgart, Germany, on Tuesday, Jan. 12, 2021. Bloomberg | Bloomberg | Getty Images</figcaption></figure>



The risk of rare blood clotting is significantly higher as a result of catching Covid-19, than it is from being vaccinated against the virus, a new study has found.



In a peer-reviewed study published in the British Medical Journal on Friday, researchers from Oxford University, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and several other British universities and hospitals analyzed data from more than 29 million people who had received their first dose of either the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine or the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. The study’s authors were fully independent from the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine developers.



Scientists looked into rates of thromboembolic events – blood clots – and thrombocytopenia, a condition with low platelet counts. Rare blood clotting with low platelet levels has been associated with the Oxford-AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccination.



The paper compared rates of rare blood clotting after a first vaccination dose and following a positive Covid-19 test.



Researchers found that the risk of these adverse events was “substantially higher” following Covid-19 infection than it was after receiving either the Oxford-AstraZeneca or the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-data"><a></a>The data</h2>



In the eight to 28 days after a first dose of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine, researchers identified an increased risk of rare blood clotting events and low platelet counts. In the same time period after a first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, the study found the risk of blood clots and strokes caused by restricted blood flow to the brain (ischaemic stroke) increased.



However, these risks were significantly lower than the risks posed by Covid-19 infection.



Researchers estimated that 107 out of 10 million people would be hospitalized or die from low platelet counts within 28 days of receiving a first dose of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine. By contrast, that number rose to 934 people per 10 million following a positive test for Covid-19.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Read more: <a href="https://www.cnbcafrica.com/2021/blood-clots-associated-with-astrazeneca-vaccine-are-rare-but-devastating-study-says/">Blood clots associated with AstraZeneca vaccine are ‘rare but devastating,’ study says</a></h3>



Within 28 days of a first dose of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine, 66 people per 10 million were hospitalized or died from blood clots in the veins, compared to 12,614 per 10 million who had tested positive for the virus.



Meanwhile, an estimated 143 people per 10 million were hospitalized or died of ischaemic stroke in the 28 days after a first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, compared to 1,699 who had tested positive for Covid-19.



The risks also remained elevated for a longer period after contracting the coronavirus than it did following vaccination, the study concluded.



The study analyzed routinely collected electronic health records to evaluate the risk of hospital admission for blood clots and low platelet counts within 28 days of infection or vaccination.



The data used in the study was collected across England between Dec. 1, 2020 and April 24, 2021. Patients who were still in hospital by the end date of the study were excluded from the study.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><a></a>Vaccine trials ‘unlikely’ to detect very rare side effects</h2>



All of the Covid-19 vaccines currently in use in the U.S. and U.K. have been tested in randomized clinical trials, which were unlikely to be large enough to detect very rare adverse events, researchers noted on Friday.



When rare events are uncovered, regulators perform a risk-benefit analysis to weigh the adverse effects against the benefits of receiving the vaccine, the study’s authors added.



The U.K.’s Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation has consistently said that the benefits of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine continue to outweigh the risks for the vast majority of people.



Multiple health authorities, including the WHO, the European Medicines Agency and the&nbsp;International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis&nbsp;have also agreed that the benefits of administering the vaccine outweigh the risks.



“People should be aware of these increased risks after Covid-19 vaccination and seek medical attention promptly if they develop symptoms, but also be aware that the risks are considerably higher and over longer periods of time if they become infected with SARS-CoV-2,” Julia Hippisley-Cox, professor of clinical epidemiology and general practice at the University of Oxford and lead author of the paper, said in a press release.



“This enormous study has shown that there is a very small risk of clotting and other blood disorders following first dose Covid-19 vaccination. Though serious, the risk of these same outcomes is much higher following SARS-CoV-2 infection,” Aziz Sheikh, professor of primary care research &amp; development at The University of Edinburgh and a co-author of the paper, added.



According to the U.K. government, symptoms to watch out for include a new, severe headache that is not relieved by usual painkillers, a headache that worsens when lying down or bending over, unexplained pinprick bruising or bleeding, shortness of breath and leg swelling.



The risk of rare blood clotting is significantly higher as a result of catching Covid-19, than it is from being vaccinated against the virus, a new study has found.



In a peer-reviewed study published in the British Medical Journal on Friday, researchers from Oxford University, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and several other British universities and hospitals analyzed data from more than 29 million people who had received their first dose of either the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine or the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. The study’s authors were fully independent from the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine developers.



Scientists looked into rates of thromboembolic events – blood clots – and thrombocytopenia, a condition with low platelet counts. Rare blood clotting with low platelet levels has been associated with the Oxford-AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccination.



The paper compared rates of rare blood clotting after a first vaccination dose and following a positive Covid-19 test.



Researchers found that the risk of these adverse events was “substantially higher” following Covid-19 infection than it was after receiving either the Oxford-AstraZeneca or the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-data"><a></a>The data</h2>



In the eight to 28 days after a first dose of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine, researchers identified an increased risk of rare blood clotting events and low platelet counts. In the same time period after a first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, the study found the risk of blood clots and strokes caused by restricted blood flow to the brain (ischaemic stroke) increased.



However, these risks were significantly lower than the risks posed by Covid-19 infection.



Researchers estimated that 107 out of 10 million people would be hospitalized or die from low platelet counts within 28 days of receiving a first dose of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine. By contrast, that number rose to 934 people per 10 million following a positive test for Covid-19.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Read more: <a href="https://www.cnbcafrica.com/2021/wrapup-1-astrazeneca-woes-grow-as-australia-philippines-african-union-curb-covid-shots/">FDA halts use of Johnson &amp; Johnson COVID vaccine due to rare blood-clotting issues in six women</a> </h3>



Within 28 days of a first dose of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine, 66 people per 10 million were hospitalized or died from blood clots in the veins, compared to 12,614 per 10 million who had tested positive for the virus.



Meanwhile, an estimated 143 people per 10 million were hospitalized or died of ischaemic stroke in the 28 days after a first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, compared to 1,699 who had tested positive for Covid-19.



The risks also remained elevated for a longer period after contracting the coronavirus than it did following vaccination, the study concluded.



The study analyzed routinely collected electronic health records to evaluate the risk of hospital admission for blood clots and low platelet counts within 28 days of infection or vaccination.



The data used in the study was collected across England between Dec. 1, 2020 and April 24, 2021. Patients who were still in hospital by the end date of the study were excluded from the study.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><a></a>Vaccine trials ‘unlikely’ to detect very rare side effects</h2>



All of the Covid-19 vaccines currently in use in the U.S. and U.K. have been tested in randomized clinical trials, which were unlikely to be large enough to detect very rare adverse events, researchers noted on Friday.



When rare events are uncovered, regulators perform a risk-benefit analysis to weigh the adverse effects against the benefits of receiving the vaccine, the study’s authors added.



The U.K.’s Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation has consistently said that the benefits of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine continue to outweigh the risks for the vast majority of people.



Multiple health authorities, including the WHO, the European Medicines Agency and the&nbsp;International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis&nbsp;have also agreed that the benefits of administering the vaccine outweigh the risks.



“People should be aware of these increased risks after Covid-19 vaccination and seek medical attention promptly if they develop symptoms, but also be aware that the risks are considerably higher and over longer periods of time if they become infected with SARS-CoV-2,” Julia Hippisley-Cox, professor of clinical epidemiology and general practice at the University of Oxford and lead author of the paper, said in a press release.



“This enormous study has shown that there is a very small risk of clotting and other blood disorders following first dose Covid-19 vaccination. Though serious, the risk of these same outcomes is much higher following SARS-CoV-2 infection,” Aziz Sheikh, professor of primary care research &amp; development at The University of Edinburgh and a co-author of the paper, added.



According to the U.K. government, symptoms to watch out for include a new, severe headache that is not relieved by usual painkillers, a headache that worsens when lying down or bending over, unexplained pinprick bruising or bleeding, shortness of breath and leg swelling.

106855058-1615966707432-gettyimages-1230548836-GERMANY_HOSPITAL

Covid — not vaccinations — presents biggest blood clot risk, large study finds

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<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="740" height="416" src="https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/106932163-1629794577944-gettyimages-1234731483-AFP_9LA466.jpeg" alt="" class="wp-image-411673" srcset="https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/106932163-1629794577944-gettyimages-1234731483-AFP_9LA466.jpeg 740w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/106932163-1629794577944-gettyimages-1234731483-AFP_9LA466-300x169.jpeg 300w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/106932163-1629794577944-gettyimages-1234731483-AFP_9LA466-160x90.jpeg 160w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 740px) 100vw, 740px" /><figcaption>A health worker vaccinates a man in Abidjan on August 17, 2021 during a roll-out of vaccinations against Ebola on August 17, 2021, after the country recorded its first known case of the disease since 1994. (Photo by Issouf SANOGO / AFP) (Photo by ISSOUF SANOGO/AFP via Getty Images) ISSOUF SANOGO | AFP | Getty Images</figcaption></figure>



African countries have been “shortchanged” with regard to its access to Covid-19 vaccines, the president of African Development Bank said.



“Africa [has] for sure been shortchanged,&nbsp;if I can use that term, regarding access to vaccines globally,” Akinwumi&nbsp;Adesina told CNBC’s&nbsp;“Squawk Box Asia”&nbsp;on Tuesday.



“The vaccines are not getting here in time, in the right quantity and the right price,” he said, adding that saving lives is “all about timing.”



Only 2.48% of the continent has been fully vaccinated as of Aug. 23, according to Our World in Data, far behind other continents.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"> Read more: <a href="https://www.cnbcafrica.com/2021/world-bank-readies-covid-19-vaccine-funds-for-around-30-african-countries/">World Bank readies COVID-19 vaccine funds for around 30 African countries</a></h3>



In comparison, vaccination rates stand at 25.31% in Asia and 27.1% in South America, while Europe and North America’s inoculation rates are both above 40%, statistics in Our World in Data showed.



“If there’s any lesson … that we have learned from this, it is that Africa should not depend on the rest of the world for supplying it with critical vaccines, and also therapeutics,” he said.



The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention said&nbsp;countries in the continent have received 123.4 million vaccines as of Aug. 18.&nbsp;The shots have been secured through bilateral agreements, the global Covax alliance that seeks to provide vaccines to poorer countries and the African Vaccine Acquisition Task Team (AVATT) —&nbsp;a 10-member group that sources for vaccines for Africa.



Through AVATT, the African Union has procured 400 million vaccines for delivery over the next year or so, enough to inoculate a third of the population, said Adesina.



But that still falls far short of Africa’s population of more than 1.2 billion people.



Africa “should not be dependent on others, it should be self-sufficient,” he said.



To that end, the African Development Bank wants to invest in primary, secondary and tertiary health-care infrastructure, Adesina said. It also hopes to put $3 billion toward the pharmaceutical sector so that Africa can have vaccines and medicine for itself.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-economic-effect"><a></a>Economic effect</h2>



The pandemic has had a “very dramatic impact” on Africa, Adesina said, adding that GDP growth fell, fiscal deficits doubled and debt-to-GDP ratios increased in 2020.



But he said he expects growth to hit 3.4% this year, after contracting 2.1% in 2020.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Read more: <a href="https://www.cnbcafrica.com/2021/africa-demands-local-production-of-covid-vaccines/">Africa demands local production of COVID vaccines</a></h3>



“Africa still has fantastic fundamentals,” he said, pointing to rapid urbanization, good potential for consumer spending, and a large, young population.



The African Continental Free Trade Area is also “too big to ignore,” the bank president said.



According to the World Bank, the AFCFTA as it’s called,&nbsp;is the largest free trade area in the world measured by the number of countries participating.&nbsp;It seeks to&nbsp;connect over a billion people in 55 countries that have a combined GDP of $2.5 trillion.



“I expect Africa will rebound after this particular pandemic,” he said. “The fundamentals remain very strong.”

106932163-1629794577944-gettyimages-1234731483-AFP_9LA466

Africa has been shortchanged on Covid vaccines, African Development Bank says

<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="740" height="416" src="https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/106913619-16267937592020-01-29t000000z_1387970559_rc2spe9j1gzp_rtrmadp_0_china-health-who.jpeg" alt="" class="wp-image-411664" srcset="https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/106913619-16267937592020-01-29t000000z_1387970559_rc2spe9j1gzp_rtrmadp_0_china-health-who.jpeg 740w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/106913619-16267937592020-01-29t000000z_1387970559_rc2spe9j1gzp_rtrmadp_0_china-health-who-300x169.jpeg 300w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/106913619-16267937592020-01-29t000000z_1387970559_rc2spe9j1gzp_rtrmadp_0_china-health-who-160x90.jpeg 160w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 740px) 100vw, 740px" /><figcaption>RT: Maria Van Kerkhove, Head a.i. Emerging Diseases and Zoonosis at the World Health Organization (WHO), speaks during a news conference on the situation of the coronavirus at the United Nations in Geneva, Switzerland, January 29, 2020. Denis Balibouse | Reuters</figcaption></figure>



A top World Health Organization official said Tuesday that misinformation about Covid-19 and vaccines is keeping people from getting the shots, driving an increase in cases around the world.



“In the last four weeks or so, the amount of misinformation that is out there seems to be getting worse, and I think that’s really confusing for the general public,” Maria Van Kerkhove, the WHO’s technical lead on Covid, said during a Q&amp;A livestreamed on the organization’s social media channels.



Misinformation has become another risk factor that is “really allowing the virus to thrive,” she said.



Public health leaders have blamed conspiracy theories and misinformation for growing distrust of the vaccines around the world — so much so that in July U.S. Surgeon General Vivek Murthy&nbsp;declared Covid misinformation a “serious public threat.” 



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-read-more-calls-to-tackle-vaccine-hesitancy-as-african-union-drops-astrazeneca">Read more: <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/24/who-says-covid-misinformation-is-a-major-factor-driving-pandemic-around-the-world.html">Calls to tackle vaccine hesitancy as African Union drops AstraZeneca</a></h3>



Misinformation has become a growing problem in the outbreak, fueling vaccine hesitancy among a wary public, health officials say. They hope that the Food and Drug Administration’s formal approval of&nbsp;Pfizer’s Covid vaccine, which was announced Monday, will help push some people who have been on the fence about getting immunized to get the shots.



Three in 10 unvaccinated Americans said they would be more likely to get the vaccine once it is FDA-approved, according to a Kaiser Family Foundation survey conducted July 15-27. Some medical experts worry that some unvaccinated Americans used the lack of full FDA approval as a credible explanation for their hesitancy and will now look for other reasons to refuse to get the vaccine.



Most unvaccinated Americans think the Covid vaccines are more of a threat to their health than contracting the virus itself, according to Kaiser’s&nbsp;data. Americans least likely to receive a Covid-19 vaccine are mostly white, Republican and less likely to have a college degree, according to Kaiser’s data.



Dr. Peter Marks, director of the FDA’s Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, said misinformation about the vaccine is “one of the biggest challenges that we still face in getting the public vaccinated.”



“We’ve heard false claims that the Covid-19 vaccine causes infertility, contains microchips and causes Covid-19,” Marks said. “And worse, we’ve heard false claims that thousands of people have died from the vaccine. Let me be clear: These claims are simply not true.”



Misinformation about alternative treatments for Covid-19 has gone so far that the FDA and the Mississippi State Health Department put out advisories over the weekend to warn Americans not to ingest animal de-wormer Ivermectin.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Read more: <a href="https://www.cnbcafrica.com/2021/here-are-7-of-the-biggest-coronavirus-vaccine-myths-busted-by-experts/">Here are 7 of the biggest coronavirus vaccine myths busted by experts</a></h3>



The director of the WHO’s Latin America branch, the Pan American Health Organization, made a personal appeal to residents of Caribbean countries to&nbsp;“wake up” from the slumber of misinformation&nbsp;spreading throughout the islands and get vaccinated.



Misinformation has plagued public school board meetings across the country as school districts weigh mask and vaccine mandates for children and staff returning for the upcoming school year. Parents and community residents have shown up to public school board meetings to lambast education and public health officials for considering mask mandates, and videos of residents citing unproven and false claims about Covid and vaccines have gone viral on social media.



Vaccination could help us get Covid&nbsp;under control&nbsp;by the spring, according to the chief medical advisor to the president, Dr. Anthony Fauci.



“I would like to appeal to the people in the country who are not vaccinated to realize that we have the capability among ourselves to essentially cut down the time frame to getting to the end of this pandemic,” Fauci said during a press briefing Tuesday.&nbsp;“Get vaccinated and the time frame will be truncated dramatically.”

106913619-16267937592020-01-29t000000z_1387970559_rc2spe9j1gzp_rtrmadp_0_china-health-who

WHO says Covid misinformation is a major factor driving pandemic around the world

<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="820" height="547" src="https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/GettyImages-1229877394-820x547.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-392963" srcset="https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/GettyImages-1229877394-820x547.jpg 820w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/GettyImages-1229877394-300x200.jpg 300w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/GettyImages-1229877394-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/GettyImages-1229877394-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/GettyImages-1229877394-scaled.jpg 2048w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/GettyImages-1229877394-1110x740.jpg 1110w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 820px) 100vw, 820px" /><figcaption>NETHERLANDS &#8211; 2020/11/29: In this photo illustration, a man holds a syringe with a fake Covid-19 vaccine with the Pfizer logo in the background. (Photo Illustration by Robin Utrecht/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images)</figcaption></figure>



The Food and Drug Administration on Monday granted full approval to Pfizer and BioNTech’s Covid-19 vaccine – becoming the first in the U.S. to win the coveted designation and giving even more businesses, schools and universities greater confidence to adopt vaccine mandates.



Up until now, the mRNA vaccine, which will be marketed as Comirnaty, was on the U.S. market under an emergency use authorization that was granted by the FDA in December. Since then, more than 204 million of the Pfizer shots have been administered, according to data compiled by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.



Federal health officials had been under mounting pressure from the scientific community and advocacy groups to fully approve Pfizer and BioNTech’s vaccine ever since the drugmakers submitted their application to the agency in early May. The companies submitted a Biologics License Application, which secures full approval, to the FDA on May 7 for patients age 16 and up.



FDA scientists evaluated “hundreds of thousands of pages” of vaccine data from 40,000 trial participants, according to the U.S. agency. The vaccine was found to be 91% effective in preventing Covid – slightly lower than the 95% efficacy rate trial data showed when the shot was authorized late last year and before the delta variant took hold in the U.S.&nbsp;



Pfizer’s vaccine met the agency’s “high standards for safety, effectiveness, and manufacturing quality,” acting FDA Commissioner Janet Woodcock said in a statement. “While millions of people have already safely received COVID-19 vaccines, we recognize that for some, the FDA approval of a vaccine may now instill additional confidence to get vaccinated.”



The FDA held a media briefing Monday morning to discuss the approval.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-read-more-u-s-fda-gearing-up-for-rapid-review-of-potential-covid-19-booster-shots">Read more: <a href="https://www.cnbcafrica.com/2021/u-s-fda-gearing-up-for-rapid-review-of-potential-covid-19-booster-shots/">U.S. FDA gearing up for rapid review of potential COVID-19 booster shots</a></h3>



Although more than 60% of the total U.S. population has had at least one dose of a Covid vaccine, many Americans say they are still hesitant about getting vaccinated, even as the highly contagious delta variant spreads. Full approval may convince some Americans that the shots are safe, doctors and epidemiologists say. In fact, a survey from the Kaiser Family Foundation found 3 in 10 unvaccinated adults said they would be more likely to get vaccinated if one of the vaccines receives full approval.



Full approval is “more psychological than anything else,” said Dr. Paul Offit, a voting member of the agency’s Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee. “I mean you already have more than 320 million doses administered that are out there. The vaccines already have an enormous safety and efficacy profile.”



U.S. approval is also likely to spur a new wave of vaccine mandates from corporate America. Major companies – from Walt Disney to Walmart – have already told some or all of their employees that they must get fully vaccinated against Covid this fall. Still, some private businesses may have felt hesitant about requiring the shots, before full approval, even though they had the legal authority to do so, said Dorit Reiss, a professor of law at UC Hastings College of the Law.



The Pentagon said it would make vaccinations mandatory for service members “no later” than the middle of September, or sooner if the FDA grants full approval earlier.



“You’re going to see the empowerment of local enterprises, giving mandates that could be colleges, universities, places of business, a whole variety and I strongly support that,” White House chief medical officer Dr. Anthony Fauci said Aug 8, when asked about full approval of the vaccines. “The time has come. &#8230; We’ve got to go the extra step to get people vaccinated.”



Pfizer’s shot is the first Covid vaccine to receive full regulatory approval in the U.S. Federal regulators had previously said they would work as quickly as possible to clear Pfizer’s vaccines.



The vaccine is still under emergency use authorization for children 12 to 15 as the company continues to collect data. Dr. Peter Marks, the FDA’s top vaccine regulator, said Monday the agency would move as “swiftly” as possible on approving the shot for kids under 12 once the company submits the data.



“Currently, there are still trials ongoing and so the agency has to wait for the company to submit the data for those trials,” he said during a briefing. “We certainly want to make sure that we get it right.”



Marks also addressed misinformation about the shot, including that it contains microchips and causes infertility.



“We’ve heard false claims that the Covid-19 vaccine causes infertility, contains microchips and causes Covid-19. And worse, we’ve heard false claims that thousands of people have died from the vaccine,” he said. “Let me be clear: these claims are simply not true.”



Standard vaccine reviews generally take several months to a year or more to determine whether they are safe and effective for use in the general public. But due to the pandemic, which has killed more than 628,000 Americans, the FDA permitted the use of the shots under an EUA.



In a public health emergency, the manufacturing and approval of vaccines can be streamlined through emergency authorizations. Former Health Secretary Alex Azar declared a public health emergency on Jan. 31, 2020. The health emergency has been renewed several times, most recently in late July. The FDA allowed the use of the shots with just two months of safety data under an EUA. It’s not the same as a Biologic License Application, or a request for full approval, which requires at least six months of data.



Before granting full approval, FDA scientists must painstakingly look through the companies’ clinical trial data, including for any discrepancies or safety concerns, said Offit, who is also director of the Vaccine Education Center at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Read more: <a href="https://www.cnbcafrica.com/2021/pfizer-submits-data-to-fda-for-authorization-of-covid-vaccine-booster-shot-for-general-population/">Pfizer submits data to FDA for authorization of Covid vaccine booster shot for general population</a></h3>



It’s a lot of data, Offit said. He previously said when Merck submitted its data from its 70,000-person rotavirus vaccine trial, the pages that were generated could have exceeded the height of the Sears Tower — a 1,450-foot skyscraper in Chicago that’s now known as Willis Tower.



“The FDA will do what it thinks it needs to do to make sure that the American public is safe,” he said.



Full approval is also very beneficial to companies that submit an application, former FDA Commissioner Dr. Robert Califf said in a phone interview in May.



With it, Pfizer and BioNTech are now able to market the shots directly to U.S. consumers. Companies can’t promote their products under an EUA, he said. It also allows the shot to stay on the market once the pandemic is over and the U.S. is no longer considered in an “emergency.”



“The vaccines will still have to be administered under the supervision of a professional who’s qualified,” Califf said. “It’s not like they can send the vaccines to people’s homes. However, they can advertise on TV and promote their products under the watchful eye of the FDA.”



Pfizer and BioNTech have said they expect to generate billions from the vaccine. Under full approval, the companies could also decide to charge more for the vaccines, health experts say.



The companies have already raised the price of their vaccine in the European Union, according to the Financial Times. They are now charging $23 per dose, up from their previous price of $18.40, according to the report.



Pfizer and BioNTech also plan to ask the FDA to approve a third dose as a booster shot following full approval. Last week, the Biden administration said it was preparing to offer booster shots to all eligible Americans beginning the week of Sept. 20.



– CNBC’s Rich Mendez contributed to this report.

In this photo illustration, a man holds a syringe with a

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<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="740" height="416" src="https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/106929876-1629304059932-Pay_Pal-26.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-411619" srcset="https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/106929876-1629304059932-Pay_Pal-26.jpg 740w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/106929876-1629304059932-Pay_Pal-26-300x169.jpg 300w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/106929876-1629304059932-Pay_Pal-26-160x90.jpg 160w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 740px) 100vw, 740px" /><figcaption>PayPal has launched its cryptocurrency service in the U.K. PayPal</figcaption></figure>



LONDON — PayPal is launching its cryptocurrency service in the U.K.



The U.S. online payments giant said Monday it would let British customers buy, hold and sell digital currencies, starting this week.



It marks the the first international expansion of PayPal’s crypto product, which first launched in the U.S. in October last year.



“It has been doing really well in the U.S.,” Jose Fernandez da Ponte, PayPal’s general manager for blockchain, crypto and digital currencies, told CNBC. “We expect it’s going to do well in the U.K.”



PayPal’s crypto feature lets customers buy or sell <a href="https://www.cnbcafrica.com/quotes/btc=x/">bitcoin</a>, <a href="https://www.cnbcafrica.com/quotes/bch=x/">bitcoin cash</a>, <a href="https://www.cnbcafrica.com/quotes/eth=x/">ethereum</a> or <a href="https://www.cnbcafrica.com/quotes/ltc=x/">litecoin</a> with as little as £1. Users can also track crypto prices in real-time, and find educational content on the market.



Like the U.S. version of the product, PayPal is relying on Paxos, a New York-regulated digital currency company, to enable crypto buying and selling in the U.K. PayPal said it has engaged with relevant U.K. regulators to launch the service.



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A spokesperson for the Financial Conduct Authority, Britain’s financial services watchdog, was not immediately available for comment on the announcement.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-growing-adoption"><a></a>Growing adoption</h2>



PayPal’s crypto service is similar to one from U.K. fintech firm Revolut. As is the case with Revolut, PayPal users can’t move their crypto holdings outside the app. Although Revolut recently started testing a feature that lets users withdraw bitcoin to their own personal wallets.



PayPal says its foray into crypto is about making it easier for people to participate in the market. “The tokens and coins have been around for a while but you had to be a relatively sophisticated user to be able to access that,” da Ponte said. “Having that on a platform like ours makes a really good entry point.”



The payments processor is one of many large finance companies taking a leap into the mostly unregulated world of cryptocurrencies. Despite ongoing concerns about price volatility, consumer protection and potential money laundering in the industry, major firms including Mastercard, Tesla and Facebook have been warming to crypto lately.



Bitcoin, the world’s biggest digital currency, hit a record high of nearly $65,000 in April before tumbling below $30,000 in July as Chinese regulators extended a crackdown on the market. It has since recovered to a price of $48,400.



While PayPal started with crypto trading, the company is betting digital currencies will take a greater role in e-commerce in the long run. Earlier this year, PayPal started letting U.S. consumers use crypto to pay at millions of its online merchants globally. The firm also expanded crypto buying and selling to Venmo, its popular mobile wallet.



“We definitely have ambitions to continue to expand the product range in the U.S., the U.K. and other markets,” da Ponte said.



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“We are very deliberate about starting with initial functionality, and then we’ll see where the market is going to take us. Different markets have different appetite for products.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><a></a>‘Britcoin’</h2>



The launch of PayPal’s crypto service in the U.K. also comes as regulators become increasingly wary about the rise of digital currencies. In June, the FCA banned the British subsidiary of Binance, the world’s largest crypto exchange, citing a failure to meet money-laundering requirements.



“It makes sense that, as there is increased consumer interest and increased volume, the regulators are putting more attention into this space,” da Ponte said, adding that PayPal has built “strong regulatory relations.”



Meanwhile, central banks are exploring the potential issuance of their own digital currencies, as cash use in a number of developed countries dwindles rapidly. In April, the U.K. Treasury and Bank of England said they would evaluate the potential launch of a digital version of the British pound, dubbed “Britcoin” by the U.K. press.



Da Ponte said central bank digital currencies, or CBDCs, were a “fantastic prospect” but it would take policymakers some time to iron out the key issues involved.

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<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="740" height="416" src="https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/106930253-1629367715182-gettyimages-1234739851-porzycki-internet210817_npTeY-1.jpeg" alt="" class="wp-image-411591" srcset="https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/106930253-1629367715182-gettyimages-1234739851-porzycki-internet210817_npTeY-1.jpeg 740w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/106930253-1629367715182-gettyimages-1234739851-porzycki-internet210817_npTeY-1-300x169.jpeg 300w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/106930253-1629367715182-gettyimages-1234739851-porzycki-internet210817_npTeY-1-160x90.jpeg 160w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 740px) 100vw, 740px" /><figcaption>An illustration showing physical bitcoins alongside binary code displayed on a laptop. Jakub Porzycki | NurPhoto via Getty Images</figcaption></figure>



Japanese cryptocurrency exchange Liquid said Thursday it has been hit by a cyberattack that saw hackers make off&nbsp;with a reported $97 million&nbsp;worth of digital coins.



Liquid said some of its digital currency wallets had been “compromised,” and that hackers were transferring the assets to four different wallets.



“We are currently investigating and will provide regular updates,” Liquid tweeted. “In the meantime deposits and withdrawals will be suspended.”



Liquid did not provide an estimate for the loss. It says it is regulated by Japan’s Financial Services Agency. The watchdog was not immediately available for comment when contacted by CNBC.



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Elliptic, a blockchain analytics company, said its analysis showed that about $97 million in cryptocurrencies have been obtained by the hackers.



Of the total haul, $45 million in tokens were being converted to <a href="https://www.cnbcafrica.com/quotes/eth=x/">ethereum</a> through decentralized exchanges — blockchain-based platforms that require no intermediaries — like Uniswap and SushiSwap, Elliptic said.



“This enables the hacker to avoid having these assets frozen — as is possible with many Ethereum tokens,” Elliptic said in a blog post.



Liquid did not provide an estimate for the loss. It says it is regulated by Japan’s Financial Services Agency. The watchdog was not immediately available for comment when contacted by CNBC.



Elliptic, a blockchain analytics company, said its analysis showed that about $97 million in cryptocurrencies have been obtained by the hackers.



Of the total haul, $45 million in tokens were being converted to ethereum through decentralized exchanges — blockchain-based platforms that require no intermediaries — like Uniswap and SushiSwap, Elliptic said.



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“This enables the hacker to avoid having these assets frozen — as is possible with many Ethereum tokens,” Elliptic said in a blog post.



Liquid ranks among the top 20 crypto exchanges globally by daily trading volumes, processing more than $133 million of transactions in the last 24 hours, according to CoinMarketCap data.



It’s the second major crypto heist to take place in little over a week. On Aug. 10, hackers stole more than $600 million of digital tokens from Poly Network, a so-called decentralized finance firm.



In an unusual turn of events, the hackers opened a dialogue with the organization they attacked and gave back nearly all of the funds. However, more than $200 million remains locked in an account that requires a password from the hacker.

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More than $90 million in cryptocurrency stolen after a top Japanese exchange is hacked

<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="740" height="416" src="https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/106907103-1625597281111-gettyimages-1233700528-porzycki-binancep210628_npNRz-1.jpeg" alt="" class="wp-image-411538" srcset="https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/106907103-1625597281111-gettyimages-1233700528-porzycki-binancep210628_npNRz-1.jpeg 740w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/106907103-1625597281111-gettyimages-1233700528-porzycki-binancep210628_npNRz-1-300x169.jpeg 300w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/106907103-1625597281111-gettyimages-1233700528-porzycki-binancep210628_npNRz-1-160x90.jpeg 160w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 740px) 100vw, 740px" /><figcaption>The logo of cryptocurrency exchange Binance displayed on a phone screen. Jakub Porzycki | NurPhoto via Getty Images</figcaption></figure>



When Canadian cryptocurrency trader Fawaz Ahmed saw the price of&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbcafrica.com/quotes/eth=x/">ethereum</a>&nbsp;dropping, he knew it was time to get out. Unfortunately for him, he couldn’t.



Ahmed was trading on Binance, the world’s largest digital currency exchange by trading volume. And on May 19, Binance experienced a major outage which meant that, for about an hour, he was unable to exit his position.



That day,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbcafrica.com/quotes/btc=x/">bitcoin</a>&nbsp;and ethereum posted their biggest one-day drops since March 2020, with the entire crypto market losing roughly $1 trillion in value. When prices fell below a certain point, Ahmed’s position got wiped out. His personal losses came to about $6 million.



“This loss was not fair,” Ahmed, a 33-year-old who trades full-time, told CNBC. “This is something which was out of my control.”



Binance’s customer service team gave Ahmed an “absurdly” low offer of compensation, he said.



Ahmed is one of hundreds of investors expected to take part in arbitration proceedings against Binance, seeking damages for the money they lost when the cryptocurrency exchange went offline.



Binance was not immediately available for comment at the time of publication.



Binance has experienced several outages over the years in times of heightened volatility for virtual currencies. That can be costly for traders, especially when prices are plunging.



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And those losses can balloon to millions of dollars when investors make risky bets using leverage, or borrowed money, to augment trades — which, on Binance, is something users do often.



Binance recently cut the maximum leverage customers can take on futures — financial derivatives that oblige investors to buy an asset at an agreed-upon time at a later date — to 20 times from a previous limit of 125 times.



Binance wasn’t the only crypto exchange to face disruption to its service on May 19.&nbsp;Coinbase&nbsp;users were also&nbsp;temporarily unable to access its site. Bitcoin&nbsp;plunged as much as 30%&nbsp;to nearly $30,000 that day. It has since recovered to $45,790.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-no-headquarters"><a></a>No headquarters</h2>



Changpeng “CZ” Zhao, Binance’s boss, has previously said the exchange has no official headquarters. That makes it extremely difficult for investors to figure out how, and where, to take the company to court.



A group of crypto traders hopes to change that. With the help of Liti Capital, a little-known private equity firm providing litigation financing, nearly 1,000 people are expected to join arbitration proceedings in Hong Kong to seek damages from Binance.



“This is a landmark case for the industry,” David Kay, chief investment officer of Liti Capital, told CNBC.



Binance is “the first company that has ever grown to any size in any industry — much less the financial industry — where there is no regulation,” he said. “They have no home, they have no headquarters, they have no office.”



“The only place where Binance has said they have jurisdiction is in a Hong Kong international arbitration court,” Kay added. “This will be the largest consumer international arbitration in history.”



Kay said that Liti Capital began working on the Binance case after receiving a call from Aija Lejniece, an independent lawyer working with a group of crypto traders in France. Lejniece specializes in international arbitration cases.



Binance’s terms of use say that any legal dispute must be resolved through arbitration at the Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre. Arbitration proceedings, unlike class action lawsuits, aim to settle disputes out of court.



The format makes it harder for the average consumer to make a claim, Kay said, as claimants have to pay arbitration fees and additional costs — for instance, traveling to Hong Kong. Individually, that could set each claimant back an estimated $65,000. To cover those costs, Liti Capital has promised to provide a minimum of $5 million in funding.



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White &amp; Case, a New York-based law firm, has been hired to represent the claimants. Abby Cohen Smutny and Darryl Lew, two White &amp; Case partners based in Washington, D.C., will serve as their lawyers.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><a></a>Crypto crackdown</h2>



Crypto, a nascent industry, is still largely unregulated. While some firms in the space, like Coinbase, have sought to build rapport with regulators, Binance and many others operate mainly outside the purview of established rules.



That hasn’t gone unnoticed by regulators, who are racing to catch up with new innovations in financial services. Two main concerns with crypto are a lack of protections for consumers and the risk of money laundering and other illicit activity.



Binance, in particular, has attracted attention from authorities in multiple countries. Britain’s Financial Conduct Authority recently banned the firm’s U.K. subsidiary after finding it failed to meet anti-money laundering requirements. Meanwhile, financial watchdogs in Japan, Canada and Italy have issued warnings saying Binance does not have the authority to operate in the countries.



To add to Binance’s woes, the company lost its U.S. chief Brian Brooks, who was formerly acting head of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, a U.S. banking regulator.



The company, which was founded by Zhao in China four years ago, recently said it was pivoting to become a regulated institution, with plans to obtain licenses in multiple jurisdictions and set up regional headquarters. Zhao has said he is willing to step down from the exchange to hand the baton to someone with more regulatory experience.

106907103-1625597281111-gettyimages-1233700528-porzycki-binancep210628_npNRz-1

Cryptocurrency traders seek damages from Binance after a major outage cost them millions

<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="820" height="546" src="https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/51008793946_8a23be8a2d_k-820x546.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-410559" srcset="https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/51008793946_8a23be8a2d_k-820x546.jpg 820w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/51008793946_8a23be8a2d_k-300x200.jpg 300w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/51008793946_8a23be8a2d_k-120x80.jpg 120w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/51008793946_8a23be8a2d_k-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/51008793946_8a23be8a2d_k-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/51008793946_8a23be8a2d_k.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 820px) 100vw, 820px" /><figcaption>Close-up of physical coins of Bitcoin, Litecoin and Ethereum in a wallet full of FIAT money coins.
Photo: via Flickr</figcaption></figure>



Wild swings in cryptocurrencies will eventually drive <a href="https://www.cnbcafrica.com/quotes/btc=x/">bitcoin</a> investors to return to gold, says the executive chairman of gold mining firm Evolution Mining.



Jake Klein said bitcoin still has a “long way to go” before it demonstrates the kind of “longevity and security” that gold has proven to offer investors over the last 70 years.&nbsp;



Cryptocurrencies are “running a massive amount of speculative money,” he told CNBC’s “Squawk Box Asia” on Thursday.



“I think that the volatility in the crypto space is going to ultimately lead to people coming back to gold,” Klein said.



Gold prices fell last week, and analysts say they will likely drop further. Hedge fund manager David Neuhauser told CNBC earlier this week that the decline in gold prices is a “massive buying opportunity” for investors now.



Still, Klein said the two can coexist — there are opportunities for gold to “sit alongside” bitcoin, as opposed to bitcoin posing a threat to the precious metal.



Bullish investors view bitcoin as digital gold and a hedge against inflation, expecting the cryptocurrency to appreciate over time.



American investor Tyler Winklevoss, who founded Winklevoss Capital Management as well as Gemini cryptocurrency exchange, said last year that “bitcoin is gold 2.0” — and that it will disrupt gold.



Billionaire investor Kevin O’Leary said in April that “bitcoin will always be the ‘gold.’ <a href="https://www.cnbcafrica.com/quotes/eth=x/">Ethereum</a> will always be the ‘silver.’”



However, there are also other investors who disagree.



Hedge fund manager Ray Dalio, despite owning an undisclosed amount of bitcoin, said earlier this month: “If you put a gun to my head, and you said, I can only have one, I would choose gold.”



<a href="https://www.cnbcafrica.com/2021/crypto-market-tops-2-trillion-for-the-first-time-in-nearly-3-months-as-bitcoin-rallies/">Bitcoin topped $48,000</a> over the weekend – the highest level since May. As of Thursday morning during Asia hours, however, it pared some gains to last trade above $44,000, according to CoinDesk data.



The weekend spike followed a sell-off in June and July, when <a href="https://www.cnbcafrica.com/2021/90-billion-wiped-off-crypto-market-as-bitcoin-drops-below-30000-for-first-time-in-nearly-a-month/">bitcoin fell below $30,000</a>.



Gold prices have also been swinging between gains and losses this year. From levels above $1,900 in January, prices fell to above $1,700 in March.



In June, the precious metal spiked to nearly $1,900 again, before paring gains to trade above $1,700 in August.



— CNBC’s Arjun Kharpal and Jade Scipioni contributed to this report.

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