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<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="820" height="615" src="https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/108038698-1727224394854-OpenAI_Voice-820x615.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-534792" srcset="https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/108038698-1727224394854-OpenAI_Voice-820x615.jpg 820w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/108038698-1727224394854-OpenAI_Voice-300x225.jpg 300w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/108038698-1727224394854-OpenAI_Voice-120x90.jpg 120w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/108038698-1727224394854-OpenAI_Voice-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/108038698-1727224394854-OpenAI_Voice-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/108038698-1727224394854-OpenAI_Voice-scaled.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 820px) 100vw, 820px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">OpenAI has launched advanced voice mode for audio chats with ChatGPT. Jordan Novet, CNBC</figcaption></figure>



ChatGPT is ready for more natural audio chats.



OpenAI said Tuesday that its popular chatbot now has an advanced voice feature for people who pay for the premium service. The tool allows for more fluid conversations.



The release will continue through the week. The company said it’s not yet available in EU countries, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland or the U.K.



OpenAI announced the new capability in May. The rollout got plenty of publicity because of a voice called Sky that resembled that of Scarlett Johansson in the 2013 movie “Her.” Legal counsel working on behalf of Johansson sent OpenAI letters claiming the company didn’t have the right to use the near-identical voice, and OpenAI paused using it in its products, CNBC reported.



In the months since, people have been able to configure ChatGPT to talk to them in other voices through a free tier. The advanced version responds more quickly and will stop talking and listen if you interrupt it. There are now nine voices to choose from, and you can enter instructions for voice chats in the Customizations part of the app’s settings.



“Hope you think it was worth the wait,” Sam Altman, OpenAI’s co-founder and CEO, wrote in an X post on Tuesday.



It’s an increasingly competitive space for OpenAI, which is backed by Microsoft.



For the past couple weeks, Google has been releasing its own Gemini Live voice feature in English on Android devices. And on Monday, Reuters reported that Meta will introduce celebrity voices later this week that can be accessed through Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp.



OpenAI got a head start in the generative AI chatbot market, when it launched ChatGPT in late 2022. In August, OpenAI told media outlets that ChatGPT had over 200 million weekly active users.



The advanced mode is only available to those with subscriptions to OpenAI’s Plus, Team or Enterprise plans. The most affordable option is the Plus tier at $20 per month.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-here-s-what-to-do"><a></a>Here’s what to do</h2>



If you’re paying, it’s easy to get started, assuming OpenAI has granted access to your device.



First, make sure you have the latest version of the app on your phone.



Open the ChatGPT app.



OpenAI says you’ll receive a notification in the app once it’s turned on access to the new feature. Hit the continue button to get started.



Create a new chat by swiping right or tapping the two-line icon in the top left corner and selecting ChatGPT at the top. To the right of the “Message” text field and the microphone icon, you should see a sound wave icon. Tap that and make sure your sound is on.



In a few seconds, you’ll hear a little “bump” sound, and the circle in the middle of the screen will morph into a fluid sky-like blue and white animation. Start speaking. You should receive a response quickly. Don’t be surprised if audio breaks up a bit.



OpenAI said it has improved accents in some foreign languages and has increased the speed of conversations. But if you don’t like what you’re hearing, you can ask ChatGPT to speak differently. You can tell it to speed up, for example, or incorporate a Southern accent.



With advanced voice mode, you can have ChatGPT tell you a bedtime story, help you get ready for a job interview or even work on your foreign language skills.



But even if you’re paying, you won’t have unlimited access to advanced voice mode. After using it for about a half hour on Tuesday, I started seeing “15 minutes left” at the bottom of the screen.



OpenAI didn’t immediately respond to a request for details about the time limit.

108038698-1727224394854-OpenAI_Voice

OpenAI just launched advanced voice mode for audio chats with ChatGPT. Here’s how to use it

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<figure class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="820" height="462" data-id="534062" src="https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/107394950-1711983152049-gettyimages-1438254100-asgf02927-820x462.webp" alt="" class="wp-image-534062" srcset="https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/107394950-1711983152049-gettyimages-1438254100-asgf02927-820x462.webp 820w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/107394950-1711983152049-gettyimages-1438254100-asgf02927-300x169.webp 300w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/107394950-1711983152049-gettyimages-1438254100-asgf02927-160x90.webp 160w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/107394950-1711983152049-gettyimages-1438254100-asgf02927-768x432.webp 768w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/107394950-1711983152049-gettyimages-1438254100-asgf02927.webp 1480w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 820px) 100vw, 820px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Westend61 | Westend61 | Getty Images</figcaption></figure>
</figure>



Some young people are splashing out on luxuries like travel and designer clothes instead of saving, in a trend that’s being characterized as&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2023/11/29/americans-are-doom-spending-heres-why-thats-a-problem.html">“doom spending”</a>&nbsp;on social media.



Doom spending is when a person&nbsp;<a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/a-funny-bone-to-pick/202312/27-of-americans-are-doom-spending-due-to-stress" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">mindlessly shops</a>&nbsp;to self-soothe because they feel pessimistic about the economy and their future, according to Psychology Today.



The practice is both “unhealthy and fatalistic,” Ylva Baeckström, a senior lecturer in finance at King’s Business School and a former banker, told CNBC Make It.



It’s happening because young people are chronically online and feel like they’re constantly receiving “bad news,” she said. “It makes them feel like Armageddon.”



These young people are then translating these bad feelings into bad spending habits, Baeckström added.



In fact, 96% of Americans are concerned about the current state of the economy and more than a quarter are doom spending to deal with the stress, an Intuit Credit Karma survey of over 1,000 Americans found in November 2023.



And the phenomenon is not exclusive to America.



Stefania Troncoso Fernández, a 28-year-old publicist based in Colombia who lives with her parents, told CNBC Make It that she’s a recovered doom spender, but that high levels of inflation and political uncertainty make it very difficult to rationalize saving money.



“I know for a fact that food [costs] are getting higher and higher every day, and in my house we can’t afford to eat the same way we did maybe a year ago because things are getting more expensive,” Fernández said.



Two years ago, Fernández said she was spending carelessly on clothes and travel despite the fact that she was earning less money than she does now. It was largely because she felt like she couldn’t afford to buy a house.



“We used to have this program by the government that would lend us money to invest in real estate and at a really low rate, but with the change of government, that is not available for us anymore so we will need to pay more,” she said.



And Fernández said she’s not alone in doom spending. “It’s not just me. It’s something that is happening within my circle.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-first-generation-that-s-going-to-be-poorer"><a></a>‘First generation that’s going to be poorer’</h2>



Only 36.5% of adults globally feel like they’re doing better than their parents financially while 42.8% think they’re actually worse off than their parents, according to&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2024/04/03/survey-adults-say-theyre-doing-worse-financially-than-their-parents.html">CNBC’s International Your Money Financial Security Survey</a>, conducted by Survey Monkey which questioned 4,342 adults globally.



“The generation growing up now is the first generation that’s going to be poorer than its parents for a very long time,” Baeckström said. “There’s that feeling that you might never be able to achieve what your parents achieved.”



As a result, doom spending creates the illusion of control in what feels like an out-of-control world, according to Baeckström.



“But what happens really, is that it gives you less control in the future, because if you save that money instead and invest it and do all of those things, you might actually be able to buy a house,” she said.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-sense-of-trying-to-escape"><a></a>‘The sense of trying to escape’</h2>



Daivik Goel, a 25-year-old startup founder living in Silicon Valley, said he was a doom spender when he worked as a product manager at a biotech startup.



The habit originated from a sense of dissatisfaction with his work as well as peer pressure, he said. “It’s just all the sense of trying to escape.”



Goel, who used to spend lavishly on designer clothes, the latest technology products and going out for drinks, says doom spending is very common in Silicon Valley.



He said people will buy two of three brand-new cars, “and the reason why is because they realize that saving up for a house is going to take a very long time &#8230; so they will spend on other different items instead.”



San Francisco has some of the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2023/07/11/us-cities-most-million-dollar-homes.html">highest property prices in the U.S.</a>, according to a 2023 analysis by real estate website Point2. It found that 62% of properties listed in San Francisco cost over $1 million. &nbsp;



Goel says that since starting his fintech company Intrepid in 2023, his doom spending habit has “completely gone” because he’s found happiness in his work. “My whole mindset shifted.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-get-to-know-your-relationship-with-money"><a></a>Get to know your relationship with money</h2>



Finance lecturer Baeckström stressed the importance of understanding your relationship with money if you want to overcome doom spending.



She said a relationship with money is like a relationship with people: it starts during childhood and sees people form different types of attachments.



“If you feel like you have a secure attachment with money, you can make a sound evaluation of something. You gather knowledge and you can evaluate [it] &#8230; But if you are insecure, or if you’re avoidant, then you’re more likely to get lured into this unhealthy spending behavior.”



These attitudes stem from a person’s upbringing: whether they were rich or poor, for example, how their family managed money, and who controlled it, Baeckström said.



Fernández said part of the reason she had felt compelled to doom spend was a lack of financial literacy. She said her dad grew up poor and nobody had ever encouraged her to save.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-increase-the-pain-of-paying"><a></a>‘Increase the pain of paying’</h2>



Making a transaction more visceral and difficult can make people think twice about doom spending, Samantha Rosenberg, co-founder and COO of Belong, a wealth-building platform, told CNBC Make It.



Rosenberg explained that online shopping aggravates the doom spending issue, but looking at items in-person may prevent impulse purchases.



“The extra decision points like choosing the store, traveling there, evaluating the item in the flesh, and then having to stand in line to buy it will help you slow down and think more critically about your purchases,” she said.



Additionally setting up mobile banking notifications creates an “extra pinch of pain” when you see the transaction authorizations coming through.



Rosenberg also recommended maybe going back to using cash. Seamless payment methods like Apple Pay and Google Pay “increase the risk of mindless spending,” she said, because it’s so quick and easy. &nbsp;



“They bypass the emotion associated with the purchasing decision process. They also eliminate the pain of handing over money,” Rosenberg said. You have to “increase the pain of paying,” she added.

107394950-1711983152049-gettyimages-1438254100-asgf02927

Gen Z and millennials are increasingly ‘doom spending.’ Here’s what it is and how to stop it

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<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="820" height="462" src="https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/JAPAN-820x462.webp" alt="" class="wp-image-533991" srcset="https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/JAPAN-820x462.webp 820w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/JAPAN-300x169.webp 300w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/JAPAN-160x90.webp 160w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/JAPAN-768x432.webp 768w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/JAPAN.webp 1480w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 820px) 100vw, 820px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">An office worker studying electronic diagrams on a computer at control-panel maker in Japan. Bloomberg | Bloomberg | Getty Images</figcaption></figure>



Japan has ramped up its push for companies to adopt a four-day workweek, but those efforts face steep challenges in a country famous for its workaholic culture.



The Japanese government recently&nbsp;<a href="https://jsite.mhlw.go.jp/shiga-roudoukyoku/hourei_seido_tetsuzuki/_119416/consultant.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">initiated a “work style reform” campaign</a>&nbsp;aimed at promoting flexible work arrangements, shorter hours and overtime limits. To further encourage this initiative, the labor ministry has also begun&nbsp;<a href="https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/0000120692.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">providing subsidies</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://jsite.mhlw.go.jp/shiga-roudoukyoku/hourei_seido_tetsuzuki/hatarkikata-kaikaku.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">free consulting services</a>.&nbsp;



The move marks a more concerted effort after the government first floated support for a shorter workweek in 2021 when lawmakers endorsed the idea. But the concept has not been mandated, and has been slow to gain traction.



“The reasons Japanese work long hours are cultural and social; those things don’t change quickly,” said&nbsp;Tim Craig, who spent over&nbsp;<a href="https://blueskyacademic.net/welcome-to-bluesky/about-us/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">20 years teaching and conducting research&nbsp;</a>in top business schools in Japan.



According to the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.e-stat.go.jp/en/stat-search/files?page=1&amp;amp;query=week&amp;amp;layout=dataset&amp;amp;toukei=00200531&amp;amp;tstat=000000110001&amp;amp;tclass1=000001215302&amp;amp;stat_infid=000040169039&amp;amp;metadata=1&amp;amp;data=1" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">only about 8% of companies</a>&nbsp;in Japan permit employees to take three or more days off each week.&nbsp;



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
If they go home early, then their colleagues will (a) look askance at them, and (b) have to work more to cover for them.



Tim Craig &#8211; Founder of BlueSky Academic Services
</blockquote>



Craig, who also&nbsp;<a href="https://www.amazon.sg/Cool-Japan-Cultural-Creative-Industries/dp/4990982215" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">wrote a book on Japanese popular and traditional culture</a>, explained that the Japanese place a high premium on work because they tend to view it as a “positive part of life,” but social pressure also plays a role.



“If they go home early, then their colleagues will (a) look askance at them, and (b) have to work more to cover for them. Either way, it’s not a good feeling,” Craig elaborated.&nbsp;



The workplace is also where most Japanese have most of their social interactions, where employees are often willing to stay around longer to help the team and attend long company dinners, observed Martin Schulz, chief policy economist at Fujitsu.



“Being part of a company is almost part of a community, and this results often in longer work hours, not as efficient work hours,” he told CNBC.



Last October, the health ministry&nbsp;<a href="https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/wp/hakusyo/karoushi/23/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">published its annual white paper</a>&nbsp;addressing Japan’s excessively long working hours and their connection to depression and karoshi, or death from overwork. In 2022, 2,968 people in Japan died by suicide attributed to karoshi, an increase from 1,935 in 2021. Japan has not released its white paper for 2023′s statistics yet.



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
I think that it’s going to take time [for the four-day workweek] to penetrate… we’re not used to being flexible.



Hiroshi Ono &#8211; Professor at Hitotsubashi University
</blockquote>



The report highlighted that 10.1% of men and 4.2% of women work over 60 hours a week, linking these long hours to the incidence of karoshi.



“I think that it’s going to take time [for the four-day work week] to penetrate… we’re not used to being flexible,” said Hiroshi Ono, professor of human resources at Hitotsubashi University.



“It’s still pretty rare in other countries as well. So I think that Japan especially will take some time to do that,” he added.



The small number of companies implementing a four-day workweek are also generally not traditional Japanese companies, Ono also observed,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/01/four-day-week-work-life-balance-trial/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">citing the example of Microsoft Japan</a>.&nbsp;



“So for the traditional Japanese companies, it might even take longer,” he said.



One of Japan’s largest companies,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/quotes/6752.T-JP/">Panasonic</a>, rolled out the four-day workweek option for employees in 2022, but&nbsp;<a href="https://4dayweek.io/country/japan" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">only about 150 of 63,000 eligible workers</a>&nbsp;opted in.&nbsp;



Brokerage firm&nbsp;<a href="https://work-holiday.mhlw.go.jp/detail/11010.html#:~:text=%E9%80%B1%EF%BC%94%E6%97%A5%E5%8B%A4%E5%8B%99%E3%81%AE,%E9%81%B8%E6%8A%9E%E3%81%A7%E3%81%8D%E3%82%8B%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%AB%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%80%82" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">SMBC has also offered employees a four-day workweek</a>&nbsp;option since 2020. But it has limited eligibility to workers aged 40 years or older for either family care or “autonomous career development.” The option is also only available from the fourth year of employment.&nbsp;



While the adoption rates are slim, the initiative is not all moot.



“The overall flexibility helps, definitely,” said Fujitsu’s Schulz, adding that the government has been pushing companies harder on work-life balance such that endless overtime hours are not allowed anymore.&nbsp;



Additionally, experts told CNBC that the concept of karoshi is not a phenomenon unique to Japan. In 2019,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.arbetarskydd.se/arbetsmiljo-stress/over-770-svenskar-dor-av-stress-varje-ar/1486737" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">more than 770 workers reportedly died due to work stress in Sweden</a>.



“The only thing that’s unique to Japan is that the ministry actually collects data on karoshi,” said Ono.

An office worker studying electronic diagrams on a computer at control-panel maker in Japan. Bloomberg | Bloomberg | Getty Images

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<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1600" height="900" src="https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/108036147-1726687763293-gettyimages-2172944678-_m010185_bsbvoiyl.jpeg" alt="" class="wp-image-532393" srcset="https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/108036147-1726687763293-gettyimages-2172944678-_m010185_bsbvoiyl.jpeg 1600w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/108036147-1726687763293-gettyimages-2172944678-_m010185_bsbvoiyl-300x169.jpeg 300w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/108036147-1726687763293-gettyimages-2172944678-_m010185_bsbvoiyl-820x461.jpeg 820w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/108036147-1726687763293-gettyimages-2172944678-_m010185_bsbvoiyl-160x90.jpeg 160w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/108036147-1726687763293-gettyimages-2172944678-_m010185_bsbvoiyl-768x432.jpeg 768w, https://cms.cnbcafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/108036147-1726687763293-gettyimages-2172944678-_m010185_bsbvoiyl-1536x864.jpeg 1536w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Photo: via CNBC</figcaption></figure>



WASHINGTON – The Federal Reserve on Wednesday enacted its first interest rate cut since the early days of the Covid pandemic, slicing half a percentage point off benchmark rates in an effort to head off a slowdown in the labor market.



With both the jobs picture and inflation softening, the central bank’s Federal Open Market Committee chose to lower its key overnight borrowing rate by a half percentage point, or 50 basis points, affirming market expectations that had recently shifted from an outlook for a cut half that size.



Outside of the emergency rate reductions during Covid, the last time the FOMC cut by half a point was in 2008 during the global financial crisis.



The decision lowers the federal funds rate to a range between 4.75%-5%. While the rate sets short-term borrowing costs for banks, it spills over into multiple consumer products such as mortgages, auto loans and credit cards.



In addition to this reduction, the committee indicated through its “dot plot” the equivalent of 50 more basis points of cuts by the end of the year, close to market pricing. The matrix of individual officials’ expectations pointed to another full percentage point in cuts by the end of 2025 and a half point in 2026. In all, the dot plot shows the benchmark rate coming down about 2 percentage points beyond Wednesday’s move.



“The Committee has gained greater confidence that inflation is moving sustainably toward 2 percent, and judges that the risks to achieving its employment and inflation goals are roughly in balance,” the post-meeting statement said.



The decision to ease came “in light of progress on inflation and the balance of risks.” Notably, the FOMC vote was 11-1, with Governor Michelle Bowman preferring a quarter-point move. Bowman’s dissent was the first by a Fed governor since 2005, though a number of regional presidents have cast “no” votes during the period.



“We’re trying to achieve a situation where we restore price stability without the kind of painful increase in unemployment that has come sometimes with this inflation. That’s what we’re trying to do, and I think you could take today’s action as a sign of our strong commitment to achieve that goal,” Chair Jerome Powell said at a news conference following the decision.



Trading was volatile after the decision with the Dow Jones Industrial Average jumping as much as 375 points after it was released, before easing somewhat as investors digested the news and considered what it suggests about the state of the economy.



Stocks ended slightly lower on the day while Treasury yields bounced higher.



“This is not the beginning of a series of 50 basis point cuts. The market was thinking to itself, if you go 50, another 50 has a high likelihood. But I think [Powell] really dashed that idea to some extent,” said Tom Porcelli, chief U.S. economist at PGIM Fixed Income. “It’s not that he thinks that’s not going to happen, it’s that he’s not he’s not pre-committing to that to happen. That is the right call.”



The committee noted that “job gains have slowed and the unemployment rate has moved up but remains low.” FOMC officials raised their expected unemployment rate this year to 4.4%, from the 4% projection at the last update in June, and lowered the inflation outlook to 2.3% from 2.6% previous. On core inflation, the committee took down its projection to 2.6%, a 0.2 percentage point reduction from June.



The committee expects the long-run neutral rate to be around 2.9%, a level that has drifted higher as the Fed has struggled to get inflation down to 2%.



The decision comes despite most economic indicators looking fairly solid.



Gross domestic product has been rising steadily, and the Atlanta Fed is tracking 3% growth in the third quarter based on continuing strength in consumer spending. Moreover, the Fed chose to cut even though most gauges indicate inflation well ahead of the central bank’s 2% target. The Fed’s preferred measure shows inflation running around 2.5%, well below its peak but still higher than policymakers would like.



However, Powell and other policymakers in recent days have expressed concern about the labor market. While layoffs have shown little sign of rebounding, hiring has slowed significantly. In fact, the last time the monthly hiring rate was this low – 3.5% as a share of the labor force – the unemployment rate was above 6%.



At his news conference following the July meeting, Powell remarked that a 50 basis point cut was “not something we’re thinking about right now.”



For the moment, at least, the move helps settle a contentious debate over how forceful the Fed should have been with the initial move.



However, it sets the stage for future questions over how far the central bank should go before it stops cutting. There was a wide dispersion among members for where they see rates heading in future years.



Investors’ conviction on the move vacillated in the days leading up to the meeting. Over the past week, the odds had shifted to a half-point cut, with the probability for 50 basis points at 63% just before the decision coming down, according to the CME Group’s FedWatch gauge.



The Fed last reduced rates on March 16, 2020, part of an emergency response to an economic shutdown brought about by the spread of Covid-19. It began hiking in March 2022 as inflation was climbing to its highest level in more than 40 years, and last raised rates in July 2023.&nbsp;During the tightening campaign, the Fed raised rates 75 basis points four consecutive times.



The current jobless level is 4.2%, drifting higher over the past year though still at a level that would be considered full employment.



“This was an atypical big cut,” Porceli said. “We’re not knocking on recessions’ door. This easing and this bit cut is about recalibrating policy for the fact that inflation has slowed so much.”



With the Fed at the center of the global financial universe, Wednesday’s decision likely will reverberate among other central banks, several of whom already have started cutting. The factors that drove global inflation higher were related mainly to the pandemic – crippled international supply chains, outsized demand for goods over services, and an unprecedented influx of monetary and fiscal stimulus.



The Bank of England, European Central Bank and Canada’s central bank all have cut rates recently, though others awaited the Fed’s cue.



While the Fed approved the rate cut, it left in place a program in which it is slowly reducing the size of its bond holdings. The process, nicknamed “quantitative tightening,” has brought the Fed’s balance sheet down to $7.2 trillion, a reduction of about $1.7 trillion from its peak. The Fed is allowing up to $50 billion a month in maturing Treasurys and mortgage-backed securities to roll off each month, down from the initial $95 billion when QT started.

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Fed slashes interest rates by a half point, an aggressive start to its first easing campaign in four years

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