JOHANNESBURG/NAIROBI (Reuters) &#8211; At the edge of Nairobi’s Ngong Forest, thousands of used cars glitter in the hot sun on a dusty field, waiting for buyers. 



Imported from Japan or the Middle East, they offer an affordable route to vehicle ownership in Kenya and have dominated the market for decades.



That is an obstacle big carmakers must overcome if they are to crack Africa, a market promising rapid growth as trade tensions threaten sales elsewhere. African consumers also still need conventional engines just as demand in more traditional markets is curbed by restrictions on carbon emissions.



Volkswagen, BMW, Toyota, Nissan and others have joined forces to lobby governments for steps that would reduce the imports that have made sub-Saharan Africa notoriously difficult terrain and allow local production to flourish.



“The question on Africa isn’t, ‘Is it a market of the future?’” Mike Whitfield, Nissan’s top executive for Africa, told Reuters. “It’s a case of when.”



Four years after forming the Association of African Automotive Manufacturers (AAAM) their efforts are starting to bear fruit. Carmakers that set up local assembly plants could get tax holidays of up to 10 years and duty exemptions in Nigeria, Kenya and Ghana, according to government plans seen by Reuters.



Thomas Schaefer, who heads Volkswagen’s Africa business, said there is a potential market in sub-Saharan Africa for 3 to 4 million new cars, up from just 420,000 in 2017.



But that will require addressing the well-entrenched interests of second-hand car dealers, smugglers and lowering the price of new cars.



“It will largely depend on how successful the African governments are in limiting the amounts of second-hand imports and how price-competitive new vehicles can be with their tariffs,” said Craig Parker, Africa research director at Frost &amp; Sullivan, a U.S.-based market research firm.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">MULTIPLYING EFFECTS</h3>



Africa’s population and household incomes are rising rapidly. But its 1 billion inhabitants account for only 1 percent of the world’s new passenger car sales, industry data shows. South Africans bought over 85 percent of those vehicles.



The AAAM identified Kenya, Nigeria and Ghana as potential manufacturing hubs and helped draft legislation setting up standards and incentives.



Details of governments’ plans provided to Reuters demonstrate that African nations are keen to secure a spot as a beachhead for the industry. Nigeria and Ghana are preparing to offer automakers tax holidays of up to 10 years and duty-free imports of parts and components used in local assembly. Nigeria also plans to double the levy on new, fully-built imported vehicles to 70 percent to boost demand for locally produced cars, though the policy’s approval has been delayed. In Kenya, automakers will pay no import or excise duties and get a 50-percent corporate tax break. For African nations facing massive demographic pressures, such concessions make sense if they create jobs, said Jelani Aliyu, of Nigeria’s National Automotive Design and Development Council. “The multiplying effects are exponential,” said Aliyu, who foresees supporting industries developing around the plants.



Legislative and fiscal frameworks are being finalised, but companies are already investing millions of dollars in new plants.



VW and Nissan have set up operations in Nigeria, Kenya and Ghana or have pledged to do so. Honda and Peugeot have launched assembly plants in Nigeria, and Peugeot has done the same in Kenya. Carmakers sorely need the business. Their South African divisions, which typically direct operations elsewhere on the continent, face stagnating domestic sales and scant growth prospects in their main export market, Europe. A chaotic Brexit or U.S. tariff hikes could further dampen sales.



Toyota South Africa’s chief executive Andrew Kirby said the strategy is: “Focus on Africa because Africa is going to grow significantly.”



A pivot to Africa could also help insulate automakers from the immediate effects of the electric vehicle revolution. The continent is ill-placed to join it at the moment due to the higher prices of EVs and unreliable power grids.



Just 66 electric cars were sold last year in South Africa &#8211; the continent’s most developed economy.



“Africa will most likely remain as the last bastion of internal combustion engines,” Parker said.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">DISTORTED MARKET</h3>



Nevertheless, industry officials say the biggest hurdle to developing the market for new cars is dumping from countries such as Japan, where strict vehicle inspections force cars out of circulation after just a few years.



They say this distorts the market by allowing dealers to buy the cars at scrap prices and export them to Africa.



They blame the cheap imports for killing off assembly sectors in a number of African countries including Nigeria, which built around 150,000 cars per year until the 1980s.



Political will is needed to change that, and without it there is little point in considering a country for local production, according to VW’s Schaefer.



“The markets &#8230; are literally not functioning right now due to importation of used vehicles,” he said.



In Kenya, the government plans to wind down imports of cars more than three years old by 2021. Exceptions will be made for passenger vehicles with 1.5 litre or smaller engines.



The policy could see mid-range imported models double in price, according to the 300-member Kenya Auto Bazaar Association (KABA). The lobby group has taken out ads in local newspapers denouncing the policy and is demanding a meeting with Kenya’s president.



Mark Oburu, KABA’s vice-chairman, said the move would hit an industry that delivers 85 percent of Kenyan car purchases.



“The middle class will not be able to own a vehicle of their choice,” he said.



In the Nairobi bazaar, Grace was shopping for her eldest son’s first car. She said she could not afford to buy a new one.



“If they don’t rescind that decision, we will be on boda bodas (motor-bikes).”



Both Ghana and Nigeria have also pledged to tackle the issue. Nigeria hiked taxes on imported used cars in 2014, but smuggling has undermined that effort to boost demand for local production, according to manufacturers and government officials.



Used cars are also among the leading imports in many African countries, and governments will have to wean themselves off the associated tax revenues.



There are other stumbling blocks: access to financing is limited, and countries that don’t host assembly plants must also be persuaded to limit used imports and reduce tariffs on African-made vehicles. That will be hard to do if the only outcome they see is higher sticker prices.



“The purpose is not to take the most lucrative slice of the industry,” said Ghana’s minister of trade and industry, Alan Kyerematen, suggesting that neighbours could produce components for his country’s assembly plants.



Auto executives acknowledge the challenges but point to a famous precedent. When VW and GM entered China in the 1980s and 90s, vehicle ownership rates were lower than in many African markets. Today, those two companies alone sell over 3.5 million vehicles annually in China. “Everybody was laughing, saying China doesn’t need cars, they only need bicycles,” Schaefer said.



Joe Bavier and Emma Rumney reported in Johannesburg and Duncan Miriri in Nairobi; Additional reporting by Clement Uwiringiyimana in Kigali and Chijioke Ohuocha in Lagos; Editing by Alexandra Zavis and Anna Willard

Auto giants and used car dealers battle it out for Africa’s huge market, what you need to know…

<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/tom-huddleston-jr/">By Tom Huddleston Jr.</a>



Prince Harry isn’t a dad yet — he and Meghan Markle are&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/15/uks-duchess-of-sussex-meghan-is-pregnant-kensington-palace-says.html" class="">expecting their first child</a>&nbsp;this spring — in but it already sounds like he might put a limit on how much time his future children spend playing video games.



The Duke of Sussex isn’t a fan of the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/01/04/ninja-blevins-from-a-fast-food-job-to-millionaire-fortnite-gamer.html" class="">massively popular</a>&nbsp;online game&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/25/fortnite-video-games-esports.html" class="">Fortnite</a>, with the British royal going as far as to call for a ban of the game at an event at a West London YMCA on Thursday.



“That game shouldn’t be allowed. Where is the benefit of having it in your household?” Prince Harry told reporters at the event,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-47813894" class="">according to the BBC</a>. Prince Harry added that he thinks Fortnite is too addictive, especially for young players.



“It’s created to addict, an addiction to keep you in front of a computer for as long as possible,” the prince said Thursday. “It’s so irresponsible.”



The free-to-play Fortnite, made by&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/12/epic-games-company-behind-fortnite-was-founded-by-a-college-kid.html" class="">video game company Epic Games</a>, is a multi-player, “battle royale” survival game pitting 100 players against each other at a time. The players look for weapons and tools to try and build structures while killing each other in an effort to be the last person standing.



The game launched in 2017 and quickly became one of the world’s most popular video games, with more than <a class="" href="https://www.engadget.com/2019/03/20/fortnite-250-million-epic-games-sweeney-interview-gdc/">250 million registered players</a>around the world, as of last month. The game has had 10.8 million people playing at any given time, Epic Games said in March. And, while other games (<a class="" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/20/royale-video-game-rumble-apex-legends-smashing-fortnite-records.html">including Electronic Arts’ “Apex Legends”</a>) have recently seen a surge in popularity to challenge Fortnite, the latter is still potentially worth as much as $12 billion as a franchise for Epic Games, <a class="" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/21/eas-apex-is-crushing-fortnite-heres-what-that-means-for-its-stock.html">according to one estimate</a>.



But, the massive popularity of Fortnite has also come with&nbsp;<a href="https://finance.yahoo.com/news/fortnite-addiction-forcing-kids-video-172134823.html" class="">concerns</a>&nbsp;that the game is addictive, with such complaints coming from everyone from&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-fortnite-triggered-an-unwinnable-war-between-parents-and-their-boys-11545397200" class="">parents</a>&nbsp;to&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/09/18/divorce-online-survey-couples-now-blaming-fortnite-for-divorce.html" class="">spouses</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://finance.yahoo.com/news/fortnite-addiction-becoming-problem-major-193558554.html" class="">employers</a>. Even the World Health Organization&nbsp;<a href="http://www.who.int/features/qa/gaming-disorder/en/" class="">weighed in</a>&nbsp;on the issue of addictive video games last summer, with WHO officially recognizing “gaming disorder” as a mental health condition afflicting gamers who can lack control over their playing habits for periods of months at a time.



Prince Harry previously expressed his Fortnite concerns in October, when he&nbsp;<a href="https://people.com/royals/prince-harry-fortnite-controversy/" class="">reportedly told</a>&nbsp;a group of 8-year-old UK students that they “shouldn’t really play Fortnite,” at their age.



In the past, the Duke of Sussex has talked openly about playing video games, and he even&nbsp;<a href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/prince-harry/9818460/Prince-Harry-driving-wedge-between-forces-and-Afghan-locals.html" class="">drew some criticism</a>&nbsp;in 2013 for seemingly comparing his role in the military, as co-pilot of an Apache helicopter, to using a video-game controller.



“It’s a joy for me because I’m one of those people who loves playing PlayStation and Xbox, so with my thumbs I like to think I’m probably quite useful,”&nbsp;<a href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/prince-harry/9818460/Prince-Harry-driving-wedge-between-forces-and-Afghan-locals.html" class="">he told The Telegraph</a>&nbsp;about manning a helicopter’s weapons in 2013.



Meanwhile, Prince Harry also has concerns about the addictive potential of social media, which the Duke of Sussex said on Thursday is “more addictive than alcohol and drugs.”



Despite the comment, Prince Harry and Markle recently launched their own official Instagram page for the House of Sussex on Tuesday.



A representative for Epic Games did not immediately respond to a request for comment.



This article was first published by CNBC <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/05/prince-harry-says-video-game-fortnite-should-be-banned.html">https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/05/prince-harry-says-video-game-fortnite-should-be-banned.html</a> and is republished with its permission.

Why Prince Harry thinks video game Fortnite should be banned

LONDON (Reuters) &#8211; WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange was arrested by British police on Thursday after they were invited into the Ecuadorean embassy where he has been holed up since 2012.



“Julian Assange, 47, has today, Thursday 11 April, been arrested by officers from the Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) at the Embassy of Ecuador,” police said.



Police said they arrested Assange after being “invited into the embassy by the Ambassador, following the Ecuadorean government’s withdrawal of asylum.”



Reporting by Costas Pitas and Kate Holton, editing by Guy Faulconbridge

WikiLeaks co-founder Julian Assange arrested

<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/guy-kawasaki/">By Guy Kawasaki</a>



I’ve had a long and exciting journey — full of failures and successes — since I first started working at&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/09/12/ex-apple-engineer-ken-kocienda-what-it-was-like-to-pitch-steve-jobs.html" class="">Apple</a>&nbsp;in 1983. I was part of the original Macintosh team and had two stints at the company (one from 1983 to 1987, and then from 1995 to 1997).



Ask people who worked at Apple when&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/01/former-apple-employee-guy-kawasaki-once-stood-up-to-steve-jobs-here-is-the-amazing-response-he-received.html" class="">Steve Jobs</a>&nbsp;was around, and they’ll very bluntly tell you it wasn’t easy. There were days where he was impressed by my work, and there were days when I was certain he would fire me. But it was always exciting because we were on a mission to prevent totalitarianism. (You can read more about my adventures in my new book, “<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Wise-Guy-Lessons-Life-Kawasaki/dp/0525538615" class="">Wise Guy: Lessons from a Life</a>. ”)



I wouldn’t trade working for him for any job I’ve ever had — and I don’t know anyone in the Macintosh Division who would, either. My job as a software evangelist in the Macintosh Division defined my career.



Here are the top 11 life-changing lessons that I learned at Apple:



1. Only excellence matters



Jobs elevated women to positions of power long before it was cool or socially responsible to do so. He didn’t care about gender, sexual orientation, race, creed or color. He divided the world into two groups: “Insanely great people” and “crappy people.” It was that simple.



2. Customers can’t tell you what they need



In the early 1980s, Apple was selling Apple IIs. If you asked customers what they wanted, they would say a bigger, faster and cheaper Apple II. No one would have asked for a Mac.



3. Innovation happens on the next curve



Macintosh was the next curve in personal computing. It wasn’t merely an improvement to the Apple II or MS‑DOS curve. Innovation isn’t making a slightly better status quo. It’s about jumping to the next curve.



4. Design counts



It may not count for everyone, but design counts for many people. Jobs was obsessed with great design. He drove us nuts with his attention to detail, but that is what made Apple successful.



5. Less is more



One of the key tenets of Jobs’ obsession with design was the belief that less is more. He was the minimalist’s minimalist. You can even see this in his slides: They had dark blue or black backgrounds with 90 to 190 point text and no more than a handful of words.



6. Big challenges beget big accomplishments



The goal of the Macintosh Division was preventing totalitarianism and worldwide domination by <a class="" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/03/ibm-ai-can-predict-with-95-percent-accuracy-which-employees-will-quit.html">IBM</a>. Merely shipping yet another computer was never the goal.



7. Changing your mind is a sign of intelligence



When Jobs announced the iPhone, it was a closed programming system to ensure that it was safe and reliable. A year later, he opened it up to third-party apps, and iPhone sales skyrocketed. This was a 180 degree reversal and a sign of intelligence and courage.



8. Engineers are artists



Jobs treated engineers like artists. They weren’t cogs in a machine whose output was measured in lines of code. Macintosh was an artistic expression by engineers whose palette was software and hardware design.



9. Price and value are not the same thing



No one ever bought a Macintosh based on price. Its true value became evident only when you factored in the lower requirements for support and training. Jobs didn’t fight on price, but he won on value.



10. But value isn’t enough



Many products are valuable, but if your product isn’t also unique or differentiated in some way, you have to compete on price. You can succeed this way — as Dell did, for example. But if you truly want to “dent the universe,” your product needs to be both unique and valuable.



11. Some things need to be believed to be seen



Innovators ignore naysayers to get the job done. The “experts” told Jobs he was wrong many times — for example, Macintosh, iPod, iPhone and Apple retail stores. It’s not that Jobs was always right, but sometimes, you need to believe in something in order to see it.



I hope that everyone has at least one chance to work for someone as brilliant as Steve Jobs. It won’t be easy, but what doesn’t end your career makes it stronger.



<a href="https://guykawasaki.com/" class="">Guy Kawasaki</a>&nbsp;is the chief evangelist of&nbsp;<a href="https://www.canva.com/" class="">Canva</a>. Previously, Kawasaki was chief evangelist of Apple. He has written fifteen books, including ”<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Art-Start-Time-Tested-Battle-Hardened-Starting/dp/B001PNLKJG" class="">The Art of the Start</a>, ” ”<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Selling-Dream-Guy-Kawasaki/" class="">Selling the Dream</a>&nbsp;” and his latest, ”<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Wise-Guy-Lessons-Life-Kawasaki/dp/0525538615" class="">Wise Guy: Lessons from a Life.</a>&nbsp;” Follow him on Twitter&nbsp;.



*This is an adapted excerpt from ”<a class="" href="https://www.amazon.com/Wise-Guy-Lessons-Life-Kawasaki/dp/0525538615">Wise Guy: Lessons from a Life</a>, ” by Guy Kawasaki, and with permission of Portfolio, an imprint of Penguin Publishing Group, a division of Penguin Random House LLC.



This article was first published by CNBC <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/05/apple-steve-jobs-divided-people-into-2-groups-insanely-great-and-crappy-people-says-ex-employee-guy-kawasaki.html">https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/05/apple-steve-jobs-divided-people-into-2-groups-insanely-great-and-crappy-people-says-ex-employee-guy-kawasaki.html</a> and is republished with its permission.

Guy Kawasaki: At Apple, Steve Jobs divided people into 2 groups—‘insanely great’ and ‘crappy’

<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/tom-popomaronis/">By Tom Popomaronis</a>



What’s the secret to a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/21/95-year-old-billionaire-charlie-munger-says-the-secret-to-a-long-and-happy-life-is-so-simple.html" class="">long, happy and successful life</a>? That seems to be a question we ask ourselves over and over.



<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/12/amazon-billionaire-jeff-bezos-explains-why-the-smartest-people-change-their-minds-often.html" class="">Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos</a>&nbsp;has shared his thoughts on this very topic&nbsp;<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwG_qR6XmDQ" class="">many times</a>&nbsp;— and he might just be onto something.



“When you are 80-years-old, and in a quiet moment of reflection narrating for only yourself the most personal version of your life story, the telling that will be most compact and meaningful will be the series of choices you have made,” Bezos said in his 2010&nbsp;<a href="https://www.princeton.edu/news/2010/05/30/2010-baccalaureate-remarks" class="">commencement speech</a>&nbsp;at Princeton University.



The purpose of his speech, called “We Are What We Choose,” was to emphasize the difference between gifts and choices: “Cleverness is a gift, kindness is a choice. Gifts are easy — they’re given after all. Choices can be hard. You can seduce yourself with your gifts if you’re not careful, and if you do, it’ll probably be to the detriment of your choices.”



In other words, no matter how successful you become, what you’ll end up caring about the most in hindsight isn’t the number of zeroes in your bank account, but it’s the choices you made to get where you are.



But without the benefit of hindsight, how can we tell if we’re on a path that we’ll be proud of when we look back on our lives 10, 20 or 30 years from now?



The constant struggle of making choices



In his talk, Bezos recounted the period of time in which he first came up with the idea to start an online bookstore business (which would later become what the entire world now knows as Amazon).



At the time, he knew that moving forward with the idea would be a very risky move.



Bezos even asked his boss, who he said was “brilliant” and “much admired,” for advice. He was told that although it “sounded like a very good idea, it would be an even better idea” if Bezos didn’t already have a good job.



“It really was a difficult choice, but ultimately, I decided I had to give it a shot. I didn’t think I’d regret trying and failing. And I suspected I would always be haunted by a decision to not try at all,” Bezos said. “After much consideration, I took the less safe path to follow my passion, and I’m proud of that choice.”The ‘perfect’ choice doesn’t exist



The truth in life is that we’ll all make choices we end up regretting. It’s called&nbsp;failure, and failure can be a good thing because it teaches us how to be better. But as we grow older, our goal should be to minimize the number of failures that lead to regret.



“In the end, we are our choices. Build yourself a great story,” he said towards the end of his speech.



To build a great story, Bezos offered 12 questions and urged everyone to think deeply about them:



<ol class="wp-block-list"><li>How will you use your gifts?</li><li>What choices will you make?</li><li>Will inertia be your guide, or will you follow your passions?</li><li>Will you follow dogma, or will you be original?</li><li>Will you choose a life of ease, or a life of service and adventure?</li><li>Will you wilt under criticism, or will you follow your convictions?</li><li>Will you bluff it out when you’re wrong, or will you apologize?</li><li>Will you guard your heart against rejection, or will you act when you fall in love?</li><li>Will you play it safe, or will you be a little bit swashbuckling?</li><li>When it’s tough, will you give up, or will you be relentless?</li><li>Will you be a cynic, or will you be a builder?</li><li>Will you be clever at the expense of others, or will you be kind?</li></ol>



While these questions don’t provide a foolproof recipe for happiness, they can guide us in making choices that will ultimately help us live a life we’re proud of.



Not all of us will end up reaching the same height of success as Bezos, a self-made billionaire and the richest person in the world. But there’s no reason we can’t — or shouldn’t — challenge ourselves to build a story worth telling.



Tom Popomaronis is a commerce expert and proud Baltimore native. Currently, he is the Senior Director of Product Innovation at the <a class="" href="https://rhawkinsgroup.com/">Hawkins Group</a>. His work has been featured in Forbes, Fast Company and The Washington Post. In 2014, he was named one of the “40 Under 40” by the Baltimore Business Journal. Follow him on <a class="" href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/tpopomaronis/">LinkedIn</a> and Twitter .



This article was first published by CNBC <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/05/amazon-billionaire-ceo-jeff-bezos-ask-yourself-these-12-questions-to-live-a-long-happy-life.html">https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/05/amazon-billionaire-ceo-jeff-bezos-ask-yourself-these-12-questions-to-live-a-long-happy-life.html</a> and is republished with its permission.

Billionaire Jeff Bezos: To live a happy life with no regrets by age 80, ask yourself these 12 questions

By Josh Adler 



April 15, 2019, will hopefully mark the day a new phrase enters popular discourse about how our economic futures could play out. The term “4th Industrial Revolution” has come to embody the conversation around the supply-side of the jobs debate -skills and education. We hope to drive new research, discussion and policy around the demand-side of employment by deeply exploring entrepreneurship as a career -particularly for students of high potential. What if skilled students with options chose an entrepreneurship path and hired their friends and peers along the way? What does Africa’s youth employment situation look like if this happens? 



The Anzisha Scenario campaign concept was born after heated discussions and exchanges internally in response to a research paper that was released in 2018, and the resulting coverage it got in the media. The research took a position that older founders in the US have been more successful as entrepreneurs generally, and particularly when it comes to scale and job creation. The ensuing media and social media coverage seemed to quickly extrapolate this to an insight that applied globally. Emails quickly circulated across the entrepreneurship and education ecosystems echoing the sentiments of the research and its impact for programming. 



I had a particularly strong reaction to the report. It’s not that the research is wrong (it isn’t), it’s that it:



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>Is pretty obvious. Prior work, life and management experience should make you a better entrepreneur when you’re older, in the same way it should make you a more successful manager or leader within an existing business.</li><li>Inadvertently positions the problem of youth unemployment as largely unsolvable by young people themselves. But with not enough job opportunities to start with, if only people with 15+ years&#8217; experience can create other jobs, we’re in a heap of trouble.</li><li>Is quickly supported by those who have followed traditional education and career pathways, crowding out other experience pathways as less legitimate. Anyone who got a great degree, and then worked for a great company, is immediately validated and pre-qualified as a better scale entrepreneur through formal training. Few have that opportunity. </li></ul>



Having had this research kick off some of our own thinking, we started to look at our own evidence and work. And this then became the next driver of investing in a campaign as a pan-African, inclusive, multi-stakeholder scenario planning exercise. 



We have seen, time and again, young entrepreneurs start out from the very youngest of ages, and slowly build careers –in the same way any other career professional would. Those that are well supported throughout tend to be more successful, just as a well-supported professional would be on their path to senior management. We will be presenting these stories in a Hall of Fame campaign later in the year.



We also have seen clear evidence that managers hire from their peer group in terms of age. Older entrepreneurs hire older professionals. Young entrepreneurs hire young. The only people really willing to hire 19 year old’s without question are 23 year old entrepreneurs (or thereabouts).



 We have seen young people of high potential and with options &#8211; they are actively recruited by universities and employers &#8211; choose entrepreneurship. The combination of this and many other thoughts is part of the discussion we want to have. Is the Anzisha Scenario possible? What are the drivers, barriers and opportunities? What are the roles of parents, teachers, students, policy-makers and other stakeholders in making the choice of “entrepreneurship as a career” desirable and supported, with appropriate income as you grow? The Anzisha Scenario as a conversation on campus has already begun to influence our own curriculum planning as our faculty think about their role in promoting and supporting entrepreneurship as a career path. 



We’ve already had two stakeholder workshops with cross-sector representatives from South Africa, Mauritius, Egypt, Rwanda, Kenya, Zimbabwe and Botswana. (Thanks to ALA, ALU, ALX, Harambee, Allan Gray Orbis Foundation, Driven Entrepreneurs, E-squared, Imagine Scholar, McKinsey, Nova Pioneer, RLabs, and Startup Academy. 



On April 15, during the inaugural Very Young Entrepreneur Education and Acceleration Summit, we’ll host our first experts’ panel and launch the draft position paper. Please follow or contribute to the conversation using the hashtag #AnzishaScenario. Make sure to also watch highlights from the Summit at anzisha.org/summit. Let’s see if we as a community can put young people at the center of solving the employment challenges we collectively face.

This Summit is gearing towards a future driven by Africa’s youngest entrepreneurs

PARIS (Reuters) &#8211; President Emmanuel Macron has appointed researchers to carry out a two-year investigation into the role of the French army in the Rwandan genocide that is still a source of tension between Paris and Kigali 25 years later. 



The nine-member commission will have access to presidential, diplomatic, military and intelligence archives, the French presidency said on Friday, after Macron met members of an association supporting survivors of the genocide.



“The goal is to deliver a report which will be published in two years time &#8230; and will be accessible to all. It will scientifically evaluate, on the basis of archives, the role that France played in Rwanda from 1990 to 1994,” the presidency said.



Macron’s predecessor François Hollande declassified presidential archives on the subject in 2015, but researchers have complained that only a fraction of the classified documents have surfaced and say a conclusive account on the role played by France is yet to be produced.



Rwandan President Paul Kagame has accused Paris of being complicit in the bloodshed in which Hutu militias killed around 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus.



While Paris has acknowledged mistakes in its dealings with Rwanda, it has repeatedly dismissed accusations that it trained militias to take part in the massacre.



However, during a visit to Rwanda in 2010, then president Nicolas Sarkozy, did acknowledge France made “a serious error of judgment, a sort of blindness when we didn’t foresee the genocidal dimensions of the government”.



The two countries broke off diplomatic ties in 2006 after a Paris judge accused Kagame and nine aides of shooting down former president Juvenal Habyarimana’s plane in April 1994 — the catalyst for the massacre. Rwanda rejected the charges.



During that 2010 trip, Sarkozy also said a French rescue mission in under a U.N. mandate to provide safe zones, had been too little and too late. The killing started in April 1994, and the French arrived in June.



The two countries eventually restored diplomatic ties in November 2009, but Rwanda has long called on Paris to pursue genocide fugitives living on French soil.



The presidential statement said the French court dealing with Rwandan genocide cases would receive additional resources to speed up the judicial process.



The announcement of commission comes against the backdrop of commemorations marking 25 years since the genocide.



The French president will not attend official commemorations of the massacre on Sunday. He will be represented by Hervé Berville, a Tutsi survivor of the genocide who is a member of French parliament from Macron’s ruling party.



French high schools will start teaching the Rwandan genocide from September 2020.



Writing by Julie Carriat; Editing by Bate Felix and Alison Williams

What was the role of France in the Rwandan genocide ? President Macron appoints researchers to investigate

<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/lauren-thomas/">By Lauren Thomas</a>



Adidas is teaming with one of the world’s biggest superstars to market its sneakers and sweatshirts: Beyonce.



Adidas said Thursday the singer will be a “creative partner” for the brand and that she’ll help co-create new products, including performance gear, shoes and lifestyle apparel.



Beyonce launched her own activewear line — Ivy Park — in 2016, in a collaboration with fashion retailer Topshop. Beyonce later cut ties with Topshop following&nbsp;<a href="http://time.com/5434696/philip-green-britain-metoo-scandal/" class="">allegations of sexual misconduct, bullying and racial harassment</a>&nbsp;by billionaire Sir Philip Green, owner of Topshop parent Arcadia Group.



Now, she plans to relaunch Ivy Park with Adidas, remaining the owner of the brand.



“Adidas has had tremendous success in pushing creative boundaries,” Beyonce said in a statement. “We share a philosophy that puts creativity, growth and social responsibility at the forefront of business. I look forward to re-launching and expanding Ivy Park on a truly global scale with a proven, dynamic leader.”



Adidas has already&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/11/07/adidas-ceo-says-working-with-kanye-west-extremely-successful.html" class="">found success in working with rapper Kanye West</a>&nbsp;on his Yeezy line. The retailer has said it plans to invest more in Yeezy, launching more products under that label. Some of Adidas’ other sneaker styles, like Stan Smith, are seen as falling out of fashion.



Other retailers, including some of Adidas’ rivals, are also tapping celebrities to push their products to more consumers. Sneaker maker Puma has an exclusive line with singer and actress Selena Gomez, as one example.



This article was first published by CNBC <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/04/adidas-is-teaming-up-with-beyonce-on-sneakers-relaunch-of-ivy-park.html">https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/04/adidas-is-teaming-up-with-beyonce-on-sneakers-relaunch-of-ivy-park.html</a> and is republished with its permission.

Adidas is teaming with Beyonce on sneakers and the relaunch of Ivy Park clothing

<a rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Clement Uwiringiyimana</a>



AGAHOZO SHALOM YOUTH VILLAGE, Rwanda (Reuters) &#8211; Vicent de Paul Ruhumuriza was born in Rwanda just a few months before genocide consigned his father to an unknown grave and traumatized his mother so badly she still screams and shakes at any mention of that time. 



But, helped by a model of healing dating back to the Holocaust, the 25-year-old has finished his education and blended into a new family, where individuals grieving lost loved ones have rebuilt their lives by caring for each other.



“People should not be driven by the past,” the bearded young man told Reuters this week, as the country prepared to mark a quarter of a century since Hutu militias killed around 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus. “I want to grow into someone who will benefit society.”



Seven years ago, Ruhumuriza’s life was on course to become another small tragedy in a nation where every family is touched by grief.



He and his mother lived in poverty. His father’s death in the genocide was a mystery &#8211; the only time he ever tried to ask about it, his mother had a breakdown.



“Other people &#8230; told how she was beaten, how she was tortured, got raped,” he said. “She became like a mad person. She got traumatized.”



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">THE PLACE WHERE TEARS ARE DRIED</h3>



Then, in 2014, just as Ruhumuriza was about to drop out, his school got in touch with the Agahozo Shalom Youth Village, whose Hebrew-Kinyarwandan name translates as “the place where tears are dried”.



The village was set up in 2008 by a South African-born lawyer, Anne Heyman, who had worked in the United States. Heyman and her husband raised more than $12 million to help care for families ripped apart by the genocide, taking their model from Israel’s Youth Villages, which created new families for children whose parents had died in the Holocaust.



Rwanda’s genocide, sparked by the assassination of the president, lasted around 100 days and stopped after rebels fought their way to the capital, led by Paul Kagame, Rwanda’s current ruler.



More than 95,000 children were orphaned, the United Nations estimates, and around 300,000 children were killed. For some of the survivors, Heyman’s village offered healing and purpose.



“Having 15 children around you can calling you Mama, and you helping them to conquer their past, that is a great contribution to the nation,” said Emeritha Mukarusagara, a slender, bespectacled 57-year-old with long braids who became a foster mother after being widowed in the genocide.



She spent months hidden by a neighbour, heavily pregnant, terrified and filled with grief for her murdered husband. She keeps his picture on her phone but still cannot discuss his death.



Since then, she has fostered dozens of vulnerable children, including Ruhumuriza, who needed families.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">NEW PURPOSE</h3>



A shy teenager, he arrived into a large, boisterous community where children live 15 to a house, watched over by a strict but loving foster parent they are all encouraged to call Mama. It was strange to call another woman Mama, he said. It was even stranger to have a brother. He liked it.



Ruhumuriza threw himself into his studies, becoming the school president, learning about Steve Jobs, and forming a deep bond with his foster mother. When he graduated and found a job in the construction industry, and a steady paycheck, he asked her what he should do with it.



Go home, she said. Build a house for the lonely woman who gave birth to you.



“Now my mother lives in the house I built,” he said proudly. “Mama Emeritha is one of my cornerstones &#8230; she is one of the best advisors I have.”



Ruhumuriza is one of more 850 children who has passed through the village’s 26 houses. But although the children of the genocide have grown up, many more come seeking refuge: those orphaned by accidents and disease. Refugees from Burundi. Children at risk of abuse.



Ruhumuriza, which was also the name of Mukarusagara’s murdered husband, has a special place in his foster mother’s heart.



“Every time I saw him, I remembered my dead husband. He was as kind as my husband,” she said with a sigh.



“At his wedding party, I will put on the best attire I have and sit next to his mother.”



Writing by Katharine Houreld; Editing by Robin Pomeroy

The Rwandan genocide orphans, now grown up, found a place where their tears were dried

<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/kathleen-elkins/">By Kathleen Elkins</a>



The price of bitcoin&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/02/bitcoin-rallies-14percent-to-its-highest-level-since-november-last-year.html" class="">surged more than 15 percent</a>&nbsp;on Tuesday and briefly crossed the $5,000 mark for the first time since mid-November. It’s still well below the all-time high it hit in December 2017 of near $20,000.



Other virtual currencies saw sudden price jumps, too: Ether and XRP both rose around 7 percent.



Before you start buying cryptocurrency, though, consider the advice of&nbsp;<a href="https://creativeplanning.com/peter-mallouk/" class="">Peter Mallouk</a>, certified financial planner and president of wealth management firm&nbsp;<a href="https://creativeplanning.com/" class="">Creative Planning</a>: “What we’re going to see, most likely, is, we’re going to see cryptocurrencies collapse.”



There are so many types of virtual currencies — like litecoin, ethereum, ripple and, of course, bitcoin — that “there’s no way that even a fraction of them can survive,” Mallouk, who is also author of&nbsp;<a href="https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/the-5-mistakes-every-investor-makes-and-how-to-avoid-them-peter-mallouk/1119952320" class="">“The 5 Mistakes Every Investor Makes and How to Avoid Them,”</a>&nbsp;tells CNBC Make It.&nbsp;



“Is it possible that maybe one or two will work out in the future? Sure it is.” But, he says, “in the meantime,” if you buy cryptocurrency, “you get no income. It’s not a real investment. It’s speculation.”



Instead, invest in “things that are going to pay you to own them,” he says. “Own real estate, where you’re collecting rent. Own stocks, where you’re collecting dividends. Own bonds, where you’re collecting yield.”



As a general rule of thumb, “You don’t want to own something that’s not going to pay you,” says Mallouk.



If you’re excited by blockchain, the technology behind cryptocurrency, there are ways to invest in that besides buying crypto, he adds: “There are companies that are very heavily investing in blockchain and you can buy those companies — companies like IBM and Accenture.”



And “companies like Walmart are using it to develop ways to run their inventory,” he adds. “That’s the way to play blockchain technology — not by trying to buy cryptocurrency.”



Keep in mind, he continues, that while “blockchain technology is real and you’ve got big companies like IBM and Accenture and others investing in it, that doesn’t mean that bitcoin is going to work out or ripple is going to work out,” says Mallouk. “The TV worked out, but everything that comes out of it, we don’t want to watch. Palm and Blackberry were fantastic, but Apple came in and took them out. Lycos and Excite were here before Google.”’’You don’t want to own something that’s not going to pay you.Peter Mallouk CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER, AUTHOR.



He’s not the only expert who has warned against buying into digital currency.



In 2017, CNBC’s Jim Cramer said that bitcoin is&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2017/12/06/cramer-bitcoin-like-monopoly-money-better-off-gambling-in-vegas.html" class="">a pure gamble</a>&nbsp;and “kind of like Monopoly money. Obviously, there’s people who use it. If you ever say anything bad about it, there’s like this bitcoin mafia that comes after you. But it is an oddity that has nothing to do with us” as investors.



“It’s just pure gambling at this point,” the market expert continued on<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/squawk-box-us/" class="">“Squawk Box.”</a>&nbsp;“I mean, if you want to gamble, go to Vegas. Vegas is fabulous.”



And JPMorgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon said that bitcoin&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2017/09/12/jpmorgan-ceo-jamie-dimon-raises-flag-on-trading-revenue-sees-20-percent-fall-for-the-third-quarter.html" class="">“is a fraud”</a>&nbsp;at the Delivering Alpha conference presented by CNBC and Institutional Investor in 2017. “It’s just not a real thing, eventually it will be closed.”



He added, at a separate conference organized by Barclay, “It’s worse than tulip bulbs. It won’t end well.”



This article was first published by CNBC <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/02/dont-buy-bitcoin-says-wealth-manager-peter-mallouk.html">https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/02/dont-buy-bitcoin-says-wealth-manager-peter-mallouk.html</a> and is republished with its permission.

Don’t buy bitcoin, warns wealth manager: We’re likely ‘going to see cryptocurrencies collapse’

<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/courtney-connley/">By Courtney Connley</a> 



Going after a promotion is never easy. It can take months, or maybe even years, before it actually happens.



But bestselling management author and CNBC contributor Suzy Welch says there are two things you can do now to fast-track your climb to the next level.



“Surprise! Neither is easy,” she warns. “But they work.”



Below, Welch tells <a class="" href="https://www.cnbc.com/make-it/">CNBC Make It</a> about two essential moves that can help you make the leap.



1. Always over-deliver



When you’re eyeing a promotion, you have to be sure to always over-deliver, Welch says, “with the emphasis being on&nbsp;over. ”



“To get promoted, it’s not enough to do what’s asked of you,” she says. “That’s just delivering. To over-deliver, you have to look at every assignment as an opportunity to expand your team’s impact or understanding of things.”



For example, she says, if your boss asks you to “go analyze competitor X,” then you should “give them an analysis of X’s entire industry, with acquisition candidates included.”



But while you’re going above and beyond, you have to be sure that you’re doing it with the intent to help your entire team and not just you. “Don’t mix up over-delivering with being ambitious,” she says. “Overzealous ladder-climbing is about you. Over-delivering results is about making your company and colleagues more successful.”



2. Don’t use up your boss’s political capital



Second, you need to be keenly aware of how your actions impact your boss and their political capital. While this is a bit more subtle than over-delivering, says Welch, it’s of equal importance.



“You boss has a certain amount of goodwill in the organization,” she says. “Every time you don’t play well with others and your boss has to apologize for you, explain your behavior, or advocate for you, you are depleting it.”



Even if you’re a star employee with a boss who’s willing to protect you, “you will become a burden. And burdens — they tend to move up very slowly.”



“I don’t want to oversimplify what it takes to get promoted. Hundreds of books have been written on this topic, probably more. And there are always mitigating factors to complicate careers.”



The simple takeaway: “Over-deliver on results and under-deliver on office drama.” Doing this, Welch says, is “a one-two career punch that’s hard to beat.”



Suzy Welch is the co-founder of the&nbsp;<a href="http://jwmi.com/?mcv=jdg469" class="">Jack Welch Management Institute</a>and a noted business journalist, TV commentator and public speaker. Think you need Suzy to fix your career? Email her at gettowork@cnbc.com.



 1. Always over-deliver



When you’re eyeing a promotion, you have to be sure to always over-deliver, Welch says, “with the emphasis being on&nbsp;over. ”



“To get promoted, it’s not enough to do what’s asked of you,” she says. “That’s just delivering. To over-deliver, you have to look at every assignment as an opportunity to expand your team’s impact or understanding of things.”



For example, she says, if your boss asks you to “go analyze competitor X,” then you should “give them an analysis of X’s entire industry, with acquisition candidates included.”



But while you’re going above and beyond, you have to be sure that you’re doing it with the intent to help your entire team and not just you. “Don’t mix up over-delivering with being ambitious,” she says. “Overzealous ladder-climbing is about you. Over-delivering results is about making your company and colleagues more successful.”2. Don’t use up your boss’s political capital



Second, you need to be keenly aware of how your actions impact your boss and their political capital. While this is a bit more subtle than over-delivering, says Welch, it’s of equal importance.



“You boss has a certain amount of goodwill in the organization,” she says. “Every time you don’t play well with others and your boss has to apologize for you, explain your behavior, or advocate for you, you are depleting it.”



Even if you’re a star employee with a boss who’s willing to protect you, “you will become a burden. And burdens — they tend to move up very slowly.”



“I don’t want to oversimplify what it takes to get promoted. Hundreds of books have been written on this topic, probably more. And there are always mitigating factors to complicate careers.”



The simple takeaway: “Over-deliver on results and under-deliver on office drama.” Doing this, Welch says, is “a one-two career punch that’s hard to beat.”



Suzy Welch is the co-founder of the <a class="" href="http://jwmi.com/?mcv=jdg469">Jack Welch Management Institute</a>and a noted business journalist, TV commentator and public speaker. Think you need Suzy to fix your career? Email her at gettowork@cnbc.com.



This article was first published by CNBC <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/01/suzy-welch-these-are-the-2-fastest-ways-to-get-promoted.html">https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/01/suzy-welch-these-are-the-2-fastest-ways-to-get-promoted.html</a> and is republished with its permission.

Suzy Welch: These are the 2 fastest ways to get promoted

JOHANNESBURG (Reuters) &#8211; Steinhoff said on Tuesday investors who were suing the company have agreed to extend the suspension of litigation by six weeks, allowing the crisis-hit retailer time to proceed with its investigations and restructuring.



Steinhoff said the legal proceedings, which were suspended in October last year, would be further suspended until May 15, 2019.



The lawsuit, brought in the Netherlands, was aimed at compensating investors for the more than 14 billion euros ($16 billion) wiped off Steinhoff’s market value ever since the retailer uncovered accounting irregularities last year.



The lawsuit was brought by a collective group known as VEB/European Investors, Steinhoff. It claimed that certain financial statements, prospectus and press releases issued by the company were incorrect and misleading, the company said.



Reporting by Tanisha Heiberg; Editing by Uttaresh.V

Why Steinhoff investors agreed to extend suspension of legal battle

By <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/justice-tankebe-579992">Justice Tankebe</a>, <a href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-cambridge-1283">University of Cambridge</a>

The US <a href="https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/us-to-help-ghana-on-political-vigilantism-us-ambassador.html">has announced</a> it is ready to support Ghana to deal with the issue of political vigilantism – a growing threat to peace and security in the country. The Conversation Africa’s Moina Spooner spoke to Justice Tankebe about the phenomenon and what can be done to address it.

What’s meant by political vigilantism and how long has it been an issue in Ghana?

Vigilantism is when people “take the law into their own hands” in order to protect or advance their interests. In this way, all vigilantism is political because it always involves the use of (illegal) power against others who are perceived to be a threat to those interests. However, when we speak of “political vigilantism” we mean specifically the use of vigilantes in the name of partisan politics. 

In Ghana, political parties – whether in government or the opposition – are known to form and use vigilante groups who then act on their behalf. This has been highlighted in various reports, such as <a href="https://issafrica.org/iss-today/political-vigilantism-threatens-stability-in-ghana">one</a> put together by the Institute for Security Studies as well as academic research papers. These vigilante groups are <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322231667_Political_Vigilantism_and_Democratic_Governance_in_Ghana's_Fourth_Republic">often</a> violent, target opposition groups and <a href="https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/gba-condems-attack-on-kumasi-court-by-delta-force.html">public officials</a>, and seize property or assets. 

But vigilantes aren’t just thugs who operate at the street level. Based on my research of over ten years into vigilantism in Ghana, I have started to focus on what I call “vigilantes-in-suits”. I use the term to refer to people in positions of authority – for example, policy makers, lawmakers and various political appointees – who will pursue their party’s interests by any means. 

Political vigilantism isn’t a new feature of Ghanaian politics. Some researchers <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322231667_Political_Vigilantism_and_Democratic_Governance_in_Ghana's_Fourth_Republic">say that</a> it has its roots in the country’s independence movement from British colonial rule. The Convention People’s Party, led by Kwame Nkrumah – Ghana’s independence leader and first president – and the National Liberation Movement were engaged in fierce political struggles over whether Ghana should be a federal or unitary state. The struggle involved violent vigilante activity by elements on both sides. 

Today, Ghana’s two main political parties – the National Democratic Congress and the New Patriotic Party – have vigilante groups who wear T-shirts branded with their group’s logo. These include the “<a href="https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/talensi-by-election-npp-bolga-bull-dogs-clash-with-ndc-azorka-boys/0s08c4t">Azorka Boys</a>” and the “<a href="https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/NDC-outdoors-Dragons-Lions-Hawks-militias-for-2020-polls-682487">Hawks</a>” for the National Democratic Congress and the “<a href="https://www.modernghana.com/news/919396/invincible-forces-are-individual-groups-npp-gen-secreta.html">Invincible Forces</a>” and “<a href="https://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2018/October-9th/2-delta-force-suspects-arrested-over-tafo-chaos.php">Delta Forces</a>” for the New Patriotic Party. 

How does it manifest itself?

Political vigilantism often involves violence, both physical and psychological. 

Vigilantes <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324943734_Political_party_youth_wings_and_political_violence_in_sub-Sahara_Africa_A_case_of_Ghana">engage</a> in riots, violent protests and property destruction. They’re also known to <a href="https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/ghana/11294.pdf">target elections</a>, intimidating voters or <a href="https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/ghana/11294.pdf">mounting</a> roadblocks to prevent “outsiders” from observing polls. 

Vigilantes have also been <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223196424_Vigilante_Homicides_in_Contemporary_Ghana">known to</a> harass, threaten, assault, and <a href="https://citinewsroom.com/2019/02/18/kumasi-one-feared-dead-after-shooting-at-ndc-headquarters/">assassinate opponents</a>. 

Who perpetuates it?

Ghana’s two main political parties recruit, train and fund vigilantes. 

These are young people who <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324943734_Political_party_youth_wings_and_political_violence_in_sub-Sahara_Africa_A_case_of_Ghana">feel</a> that the state doesn’t represent their interests. They also feel powerless because they don’t have many opportunities to improve their situation or are poor. These frustrations make them vulnerable to indoctrination by <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1540-5893.2009.00372.x">older generations</a> – largely politicians – who give the young recruits ideological direction and justification for their actions.

Vigilantism has also flourished because of a lack of deterrence. Criminal justice agencies – particularly the police – are <a href="https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/260171/Tankebe_et_al-2016-International_Journal_of_Comparative_and_Applied_Criminal_Justice-AM.pdf?sequence=1">highly ineffective</a> against vigilantes. Based on the insights I’ve gained from my research, I believe this is because of significant partisan interference in police work which has left them powerless. They either don’t make arrests or, if arrests are made, suspects are released because a politician intervened through the back door. 

What can be done to put a stop to it?

Tackling political vigilantism won’t be easy because young people may feel that being a member of a vigilante group defines and gives meaning to their life. It might give them power, esteem, <a href="https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1525/can.2004.19.3.429">prestige</a> and a sense of belonging.

It, therefore, won’t be enough to just disband the groups and give them moral lessons on the perils of vigilantism. They must be given enough support to find alternative livelihoods. Ghana could draw lessons from <a href="https://www.unicef.org/wcaro/WCARO_SL_Pub_LesLearntChildSoldiers.pdf">Sierra Leone</a> who successfully demobilised and re-settled ex-combatants after conflict. 

Longer-term strategies must address the issues of unemployment and Ghana’s deeply unequal society. Unless government policies create a more equal society, for example, through better employment opportunities for young people, vigilantism will remain a stable feature of Ghanaian politics. 

Tackling inequality also means more decisive action against corruption, which is widespread and vicious. Corruption allows the rich to get richer and prevents people from being held accountable for their actions. This creates conditions for vigilante activity. 

Lastly, the police service must be independent, well-resourced and insulated from partisan politics. To do this, there must be an overhaul. The police service must be decentralised to improve community-police relations and the current political appointment of police chiefs should be replaced by a competitive recruitment process. A new governance structure made up of people with expertise in police work, like academics and practitioners, should be created to oversee police work.<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/114216/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important" />

<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/justice-tankebe-579992">Justice Tankebe</a>, Lecturer in Criminology, <a href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-cambridge-1283">University of Cambridge</a>

This article is republished from <a href="http://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/ghana-has-a-serious-political-vigilante-problem-heres-why-114216">original article</a>.

Ghana has a political vigilante problem, what the country can do to tackle this issue

<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/sarah-berger/">By Sarah Berger</a>



Oprah Winfrey is worth <a class="" href="https://www.forbes.com/profile/oprah-winfrey/#f0f649f5745f">$2.5 billion</a> and has seen much success: She leveraged “The Oprah Winfrey Show” into a booming media and entertainment empire, she has written best-selling books and now she’s even <a class="" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/25/apple-spring-tv-and-news-event-live-coverage.html">creating original content</a> for Apple.



But when she was first starting out, Winfrey toiled away at a job she disliked and even got demoted. In Winfrey’s new book “The Path Made Clear: Discovering Your Life’s Direction and Purpose,” she shares a defining moment in her early career that helped shape the rest of her life.



In the late ’70s, Winfrey had been working as a news anchor and reporter at Baltimore’s WJZ station. But at that job, she never felt like her authentic self.



“And my bosses certainly made no secret of their feelings,” Winfrey writes. “They told me I was the wrong color, the wrong size, and that I showed too much emotion.”



Winfrey writes that she felt she was misplaced and never truly felt comfortable with her seat on the 6 p.m. news.



“It wasn’t until I was unceremoniously ‘demoted’ to cohost of ‘People are Talking’ that I experienced the first spark of what it means to become fully alive,” Winfrey writes.



Winfrey’s defining moment happened on Aug. 14, 1978, her first day working on WJZ talk show “People are Talking.”



Her job as a talk show co-host, Winfrey recalls, felt different than her job as a news reporter. As a reporter, she remembers feeling exhausted and having to drag herself to work. The talk show, however, sparked something within her. During that first show, she interviewed Tom Carvel (the inventor of soft serve ice cream) and remembers feeling “lit up” from the inside.



“When the hour ended, there was a sense of knowing resonating within my heart and radiating to the hairs on the back of my neck,” Winfrey writes. “My entire body told me this is what I was supposed to do.”



“There was no doubt that the seeds of what was to give my life meaning and purpose had been planted,” Winfrey writes. “That day, my ‘job’ ended and my calling began.”



Winfrey shares the story in “The Seeds,” the first chapter of her new book. The book is meant to be a guide to creating a life of significance, with each chapter (like “The Whispers” and “The Road”) representing a milestone “along the road to self-discovery.”



Winfrey says there were other times in her life she felt something new being seeded. For example, years later, at the peak of her success with “The Oprah Winfrey Show,” she felt there was something else out there. So Winfrey ended her show in 2011 and went on to build up OWN, her cable network, among other ventures.



“This is the lesson I hope you take away,” Winfrey writes. “Your life is not static. Every decision, every setback, or triumph is an opportunity to identify the seeds of truth that make you the wondrous human being that you are.



“I’m not talking just about what you do for a living,” she adds. “When you pay attention to what feeds your energy, you move in the direction of the life for which you were intended. Trust that the Universe has a bigger, wider, deeper dream for you than you could ever imagine for yourself.”



This article was first published by CNBC <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/01/how-oprah-winfrey-found-her-calling.html">https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/01/how-oprah-winfrey-found-her-calling.html</a> and is republished with its permission.

Oprah Winfrey: This is the moment my ‘job ended’ and my ‘calling began’

<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/benjamin-spall/">By Benjamin Spall</a>



There are hundreds of thousands of daily habits you can adopt to stay inspired and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/20/stanford-study-longer-hours-doesnt-make-you-more-productive-heres-how-to-get-more-done-by-doing-less.html" class="">boost your productivity</a>, but how do you decide on which ones to focus on?



Over the past five years, I’ve interviewed and studied more than&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/01/24/warren-buffett-and-bill-gates-agree-giving-up-this-one-thing-will-make-you-more-successful.html" class="">300 highly accomplished people</a>, from business leaders and university presidents to Olympians and artists, about their daily routines.



Here’s what some of the most successful people do on weekends to make their weekdays <a class="" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/26/5-powerful-daily-routines-of-insanely-happy-and-productive-people.html">easier and more productive</a>:



1. They catch up on sleep



Your body (and brain) won’t perform at its best if you don’t give it proper rest. Of the several hundred people I interviewed, their sleep times&nbsp;<a href="https://mymorningroutine.com/statistics/" class="">average out</a>&nbsp;at seven hours and 29 minutes per night. Tim Cook, Bill Gates, Jack Dorsey and Jeff Bezos all say they get at least&nbsp;<a href="https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/health/wellness/news/a35114/sleep-habits-of-highly-successful-people/" class="">seven hours of sleep per night</a>, as well.



But it can be hard to get in seven and a half hours, especially if you have a demanding job that often requires you to stay at the office late. If you find yourself falling behind during the week, use the weekend to catch up.



Don’t take this as an excuse to sleep five hours per night during the week, followed by 12 per night over the weekend, though. Just know that catching up on a few more hours over the weekend is better than nothing.



2. They spend time with their loved ones



If you feel guilty about how little time you’re able to spend with your family and friends Monday through Friday, you’re not alone. Whether you choose to work out with your spouse or take your kids to the park, doing it during the weekend will save you from feeling any guilt during the weekdays.



“On the weekends we have [a nanny] in the morning, so [my wife] Tiff and I go work out Saturday mornings. Then the rest of the weekend it’s just us,”&nbsp;<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-mark-cuban-teaches-his-kids-2014-3" class="">Mark Cuban</a>&nbsp;said at South by Southwest in 2014. “It’s us putting them to bed. It’s us at dinner. We try to be as normal as possible.”



Keep in mind, however, that if you need to get some work done over the weekend, aim to do it Saturday morning so you’re not thinking about it during the rest of the weekend.



3. They strategize on the week ahead



Successful people always strategize on their week ahead so they can get a head start on Monday. This can mean anything from blocking off a whole half-day on the weekend to spending 10 minutes on Sunday evening looking at next week’s calendar and taking notes on what you have coming up. Once Monday morning hits, you’ll be 110 percent ready.



“Saturday I take off. I hike. And then Sunday is reflections, feedback, strategy and getting ready for the rest of the week,” Jack Dorsey tells Brooke Potter, author of <a class="" href="https://www.amazon.com/Becoming-More-Productive-Successful-Revealed-ebook/dp/B00QT2VPC0">“Becoming More Productive: The Secrets of Successful People Revealed.”</a>



4. They make time for what energizes them



While successful people make plans to ensure they don’t waste their days, they also make a point to relax — and there are plenty of hours in the weekend to do that. Many will eat breakfast at a more leisurely pace than weekdays allow, curl up on the couch with some books, meditate or work out.



Richard Branson’s Saturday evenings consist of more partying (to each their own, right?). On Sundays, he engages in more physical activities like rock jumping, paddle boarding and boat races,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/my-perfect-weekend/8636955/My-perfect-weekend-Richard-Branson.html" class="">Branson tells the Telegraph</a>.



In a <a class="" href="https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/1xj56q/hello_reddit_im_bill_gates_cochair_of_the_bill/">Reddit AMA session in 2014</a>, Gates said he prefers to keep his time off as mellow as possible. “Playing Bridge is a pretty old-fashioned thing in a way that I really like,” he said. “I was watching my daughter ride horses this weekend and that is also a bit old fashioned but fun. I do the dishes every night — other people volunteer but I like the way I do it.”



5. They take care of chores



Chores are important and if you don’t get to them, they’ll pile up and turn into a cloud of anxiety that lingers over your head. Successful people make time to take care of their chores, whether it’s shopping for groceries, doing laundry or taking care of bills, but they don’t let it take over their weekends completely. (If they did, there’d be no time to do any relaxing or reflecting.)



To properly space out your chores, you’ll have to prioritize getting some of them done during the weekdays. It can be as simple as setting aside 15 minutes before bedtime each night to do a little bit of this and a little bit of that. Then, when the weekend hits, schedule at least an hour or two to complete the chores that require more time and attention. You’ll feel much better and in control once you’ve finished them.



6. They set aside alone time and reflect



Reflection and alone time is healthy for your mind and body. It will also help you to better reach your goals. Successful people use the weekend to reflect or meditate on things that are important to them (how can they make more time for those things?), things that have been bothering them (what are some good solutions?) and their career (how can they improve their skills and performance?).



A&nbsp;<a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2414478" class="">Harvard study</a>&nbsp;found that people who spent 15 minutes at the end of the day reflecting about lessons they learned performed 23 percent better compared to those who didn’t. Other&nbsp;<a href="http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Publication%20Files/16-077_0aae29b7-b67e-402a-9bc9-c06dd477e8da.pdf" class="">studies</a>&nbsp;have found that self-reflection can help you become a happier, more productive and less burned out person. Even if you struggle with the idea of self-reflection, at least try doing it on the weekends. It won’t be long before you start to see some of the benefits.



<a class="" href="https://benjaminspall.com/">Benjamin Spall</a>is the co-author of <a class="" href="https://www.amazon.com/My-Morning-Routine-Successful-Inspired/dp/0735220271/?tag=mmr-support-20">“My Morning Routine,”</a> which was named as one of Amazon’s best business books of 2018 and a Financial Times book of the month. He has written for the New York Times, New York Observer, Quartz, Entrepreneur, Business Insider and more.



This article was first published by CNBC <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/29/what-successful-people-like-bill-gates-and-jeff-bezos-do-on-weekends.html">https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/29/what-successful-people-like-bill-gates-and-jeff-bezos-do-on-weekends.html</a> and is republished with its permission.

6 things successful people like Bill Gates and Jeff Bezos do on weekends to make their Mondays more productive

<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/cat-clifford/">By Cat Clifford</a>



Billionaire &#8220;Shark Tank&#8221; star&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/mark-cuban/">Mark Cuban</a>&nbsp;was once in a band, the Not So Human Beings.



&#8220;There&#8217;s a reason why you never heard of it,&#8221; Cuban says, laughing, in a Amazon developer blog&nbsp;<a href="https://developer.amazon.com/blogs/alexa/post/0902e3c5-9649-47e5-b705-984666b85125/mark-cuban-voice-ambient-computing-are-the-future-and-why-developers-should-get-in-now">video</a>&nbsp;published Monday. &#8220;It it was a great name. But, um, there was a time to quit.&#8221;



The same holds true in business, says the tech entrepreneur. So how do you know when your business isn&#8217;t working?



&#8220;When you don&#8217;t have any customers? That&#8217;s your answer,&#8221; Cuban says. That&#8217;s when you know what you are making is not going to become a successful business.



&#8220;One of the challenges of being an entrepreneur is that we all lie to ourselves. We are the best. We are the fastest. The greatest. The this-er, the that-est,&#8221; Cuban&nbsp;<a href="https://developer.amazon.com/blogs/alexa/post/0902e3c5-9649-47e5-b705-984666b85125/mark-cuban-voice-ambient-computing-are-the-future-and-why-developers-should-get-in-now">says in the video</a>. &#8220;If you find yourself always describing your company and how you are different in terms of &#8216;er-s&#8217; and &#8216;est-s,&#8217; you have got issues and you are probably lying to yourself.



&#8220;You have to be brutally honest. You have to ask yourself: If it wasn&#8217;t me, if I was on the outside looking in, what would I say about this company? And if you are not able to do that, that&#8217;s a bigger problem.&#8221;



Having customers is the difference between being an inventor or maker and a successful business owner.



&#8220;The reality is there are a lot of great products and services that are undiscovered&#8230;. Because it&#8217;s one thing to do something great. It is a whole other thing to &#8230; be able to market and sell it,&#8221; Cuban says.



But just because what you are working on is not going to be a successful business does not mean it is not worthwhile, Cuban says.



&#8220;Everybody defines success differently. I have always told people that if you can wake up in the morning with a smile on your face, excited about your day, knowing it is going to be a good day, you&#8217;re successful. And so in terms of your business, you have got to live at some level right, but if you love what you are doing&#8230; it is not work,&#8221; Cuban says.



For example, before Cuban co-founded his first company, AudioNet (which became Broadcast.net and sold to&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/09/mark-cuban-reveals-3-secrets-for-growing-a-successful-business.html">Yahoo for $5.7 billion in April 2000)</a>, he learned how to code.



&#8220;Early on, I had to teach myself how to program&#8230;and I would start writing these applications for customers. And I would start working on it&#8230;and I would look up and I had been sitting there for 24 to 26 hours not realizing that you know, I hadn&#8217;t moved this whole time. I loved what i was doing&#8221; Cuban says.



&#8220;I was sleeping six guys, living six guys in a three-bedroom apartment &#8230;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2017/07/05/how-mark-cuban-became-a-billionaire.html">I had a hole in the floorboard of my car</a>. But I knew that there was a light at the end of the tunnel as long as I just kept on getting better at what I did. But had I not had the financial success, I still would have loved it.&#8221;



Disclosure: CNBC owns the exclusive off-network cable rights to &#8220;Shark Tank.&#8221;



This article was first published by CNBC <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/27/shark-tanks-mark-cuban-how-to-tell-if-a-business-will-be-a-success.html">https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/27/shark-tanks-mark-cuban-how-to-tell-if-a-business-will-be-a-success.html</a> and is republished with its permission.

Billionaire ‘Shark Tank’ star Mark Cuban: This is how to know if a business will be successful

<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/courtney-connley/">By Courtney Connley</a> 



Leaving your job is a huge decision. But staying in a job that&#8217;s getting you nowhere can have a lasting negative impact on your career.



Bestselling management author and CNBC contributor Suzy Welch agrees: &#8220;Of all the debates in our head, deciding if it&#8217;s time to quit is one of the hardest.&#8221;



She tells&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/make-it/">CNBC Make It</a>&nbsp;there are four &#8220;surefire signs&#8221; that will let you know it&#8217;s time to look for the exits:



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">1. There&#8217;s no room for growth</h4>



Are you finding there&#8217;s no way to move up in your current company? Welch says this is one of the top signs that it&#8217;s time to move on.



Maybe you&#8217;re at a company, for example, where, &#8220;there&#8217;s someone above you who&#8217;s never going to leave the organization. Maybe it&#8217;s the boss&#8217;s daughter or son. Maybe it&#8217;s the superstar employee. It doesn&#8217;t matter.



&#8220;The facts are, you can&#8217;t move up, or maybe even sideways, because no one is moving out.&#8221;



If you don&#8217;t leave, she says, &#8220;you&#8217;ll never grow.&#8221;



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">2. You have an embedded reputation</h4>



Another good reason to leave is what Welch calls an &#8220;embedded reputation.&#8221;



&#8220;Say you started out as an assistant. Some people will never see you as anything but. Or maybe you were part of a project that tanked. Failure can cling to you, even when it&#8217;s not your fault.&#8221;



Regardless, she says, factors like these can leave you with an &#8220;un-promotable&#8221; or &#8220;damaged goods&#8221; vibe. And when that happens, she says, &#8220;you must go find a place to start again.&#8221;



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">3. You&#8217;re not excited about your work</h4>



If you feel &#8220;meh&#8221; about your company&#8217;s product or service, Welch says that&#8217;s a clear sign that it&#8217;s time to quit.



&#8220;Life is short and precious,&#8221; she says. &#8220;Don&#8217;t spend 40 or 50 hours a week working to advance something you don&#8217;t believe in.&#8221;



Instead, she says, &#8220;find a company that makes you proud to say, &#8216;I work here.'&#8221;



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">4. You feel called to start your own business</h4>



&#8220;If you&#8217;re being called morning, noon and night to do your own thing,&#8221; then chances are it may be time for you to quit your job. But, she says, before putting in your two weeks, you have to be certain that you&#8217;re ready for entrepreneurship.



&#8220;Just remember this,&#8221; she says, &#8220;wanting to be your own boss doesn&#8217;t cut it unless you have an amazing idea. If you do, go build it! If not, maybe wait to leave until you do, OK?&#8221;



Welch emphasizes that &#8220;no job is perfect, and we all have times when we think about leaving.&#8221; But, she says, &#8220;don&#8217;t leap without looking for these signs and knowing at least one of them is looking back at you.&#8221;



Suzy Welch is the co-founder of the&nbsp;<a href="http://jwmi.com/?mcv=jdg469">Jack Welch Management Institute</a>and a noted business journalist, TV commentator and public speaker. Think you need Suzy to fix your career? Email her at gettowork@cnbc.com.



This article was first published by CNBC <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/25/suzy-welch-4-signs-its-definitely-time-to-quit-your-job.html">https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/25/suzy-welch-4-signs-its-definitely-time-to-quit-your-job.html</a> <a href="http://cnbc.africa/news/special-report/2019/03/25/3-questions-to-ask-immediately-after-youre-denied-a-pay-raise/"> </a>and is republished with its permission.

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