<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/guy-kawasaki/">By Guy Kawasaki</a>



I worked at&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/09/12/ex-apple-engineer-ken-kocienda-what-it-was-like-to-pitch-steve-jobs.html">Apple</a>&nbsp;from 1983 to 1987, and then from 1995 to 1997. Although I refer to these stints as &#8220;two tours of duty,&#8221; it was a privilege and an honor to work there. In many ways, I am who I am and where I am because of&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/02/steve-jobs-heres-what-most-people-get-wrong-about-focus.html">Steve Jobs</a>&nbsp;and Apple.



One day sometime in 1984, Jobs appeared in my cubicle with a man I didn&#8217;t know. He didn&#8217;t introduce him — Jobs wasn&#8217;t long on social niceties. Instead, he asked, &#8220;What do you think of a company called Knoware?&#8221;



Most people would have taken a long pause before giving an answer. Would I be punished for giving my true (and harsh) opinions? Or should I give a neutral and safe answer?



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">I went with the truth</h4>



I told Jobs that the company&#8217;s products were mediocre, boring, and simplistic and that the company was not strategic for us. After all, they didn&#8217;t take advantage of the Mac graphical user interface and other advanced features.



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">&#8220;In the Macintosh Division, you had to prove yourself every day, or Jobs got rid of you&#8221;-Guy Kawasaki, author, &#8220;Wise Guy: Lessons from Life&#8221;</blockquote>



After my diatribe, Jobs said to me, &#8220;I want you to meet the CEO of Knoware, Archie McGill.&#8221; I shook his hand, and Steve said to him, &#8220;See? That&#8217;s what I told you.&#8221;



Thank you, Steve.



If I had said nice things about the crappy Knoware products, Jobs would have, at a minimum, decided that I was clueless, and that would have limited my career at Apple. At worst, he would have said that I was shit and fired me later that day, if not on the spot.



In the Macintosh Division, you had to prove yourself every day, or Jobs got rid of you. He demanded excellence and kept you at the top of your game. It wasn&#8217;t easy to work for him; it was sometimes unpleasant and always scary, but it drove many of us to do the finest work of our careers.



I wouldn&#8217;t trade working for him for any job I&#8217;ve ever had — and I don&#8217;t know anyone in the Macintosh Division who would.



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">Lying won&#8217;t get you anywhere</h4>



Here&#8217;s what I learned from my experience at Apple and working with Jobs:



<ol class="wp-block-list"><li>Tell the truth. Honesty is a test of your competence and character. You need intelligence to recognize what is true, and you need strength to speak it.</li><li>The wiser the person, the more they yearn for the truth. Telling people that their product is good in order to be kind or positive doesn&#8217;t help them improve it — much less impress or fool people like Jobs.</li><li>Honesty is not only better, it&#8217;s also easier than lying. There&#8217;s only one truth, so being consistent is simple if you&#8217;re honest. If you are not honest, you have to concoct a lie and then keep track of what you said.</li></ol>



<a href="https://guykawasaki.com/">Guy Kawasaki</a>&nbsp;is the chief evangelist of&nbsp;<a href="https://www.canva.com/">Canva</a>. Previously, Kawasaki was chief evangelist of Apple. He has written 14 books, including &#8220;<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Art-Start-Time-Tested-Battle-Hardened-Starting/dp/B001PNLKJG">The Art of the Start</a>,&#8221; &#8220;<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Selling-Dream-Guy-Kawasaki/">Selling the Dream</a>&#8221; and his latest, &#8220;<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Wise-Guy-Lessons-Life-Kawasaki/dp/0525538615">Wise Guy: Lessons from a Life.</a>&#8221; Follow him on Twitter&nbsp;<a href="https://twitter.com/GuyKawasaki">@GuyKawasaki&nbsp;</a>.



*This is an adapted excerpt from &#8220;<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Wise-Guy-Lessons-Life-Kawasaki/dp/0525538615">Wise Guy: Lessons from a Life</a>,&#8221; by Guy Kawasaki, and with permission of Portfolio, an imprint of Penguin Publishing Group, a division of Penguin Random House LLC.



This article was first published by CNBC https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/01/former-apple-employee-guy-kawasaki-once-stood-up-to-steve-jobs-here-is-the-amazing-response-he-received.html and is republished with its permission.

Guy Kawasaki: At Apple, ‘you had to prove yourself every day, or Steve Jobs got rid of you’

By Francois Conradie, Head of Research at NKC African Economics



The
concessions President Abdelaziz Bouteflika made in a letter published on March
11 have not, contrary to our expectations, done anything to cool protest energy
in the country. 



After
some jubilation in reaction to the fact that Mr Bouteflika had given up on a
fifth term for himself, the mood shifted back to resentment against the way in
which the proposals set out an open-ended transition period during which the
ailing president remains in office (the presidential election scheduled for
April 18 has been postponed until the end of the national conference and is set
to follow a constitutional referendum). 



“We
wanted elections without Bouteflika,” as one wit told a journalist, “and we get
Bouteflika without elections.” 



The
marches on Friday, March 15, were by all accounts the biggest since protests
began in February, and more big marches took place on Sunday, March 17. 



Protesters’
demands are for Mr Bouteflika to simply step down. ‘No to the prolongation of
the fourth term’, was one slogan on placards they carried; a punchier one was
‘Leave!’. 



The
classic Arab chant of ‘the people want the regime to fall’ was heard, too. 



Protesters
generally also want Noureddine Bedoui – who replaced Ahmed Ouyahia as prime
minister last Monday but is hardly less rooted in the Bouteflika system – to
go. 



Trade
unions refused invitations Mr Bedoui issued at the weekend to join his new
government.



The
peacefulness of the demonstrations has been exemplary, and various bits of
footage have shown police officers socialising and laughing with protesters.



As
of this weekend, our default expectation is for Mr Bouteflika to quit and for
the army to take over. 



The
best and most probable political solution would be for the senate president to
take over as interim head of state, but instead of the fresh presidential
election to be held within 45 days as the constitution stipulates, we expect
some sort of national conference initiative to still go ahead. 



We remain optimistic about the direction of change, but we suspect that Islamist currents are organising very actively and see some downside risk from this mobilisation.

Op-Ed: Why relentless protests will force faster change in Algeria

<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/vanna-le/">By Vanna Le</a>



Albert Einstein didn&#8217;t speak until he was three, but by age 12, he was already studying calculus. So it comes as no surprise that he would go on to revolutionize the world of science. Yet the question still remains: How did he become such a genius?



For years, researchers have been trying to find the answer. A&nbsp;<a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(05)70592-4/fulltext">1999 study in the Lancet</a>&nbsp;that analyzed 14 photographs of Einstein&#8217;s brain found that one brain region was completely absent, allowing his parietal lobe (which holds several areas that are important in language processing) to take up more space. Other&nbsp;<a href="https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/einsteinrsquos-brain-really-was-bigger-than-most-peoplersquos/">studies of his brain</a>&nbsp;found that it was larger than most others.



But in a new book, &#8220;<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Formula-Unlocking-Secrets-Successful-Children/dp/1946885061">The Formula: Unlocking the Secrets to Raising Highly Successful Children</a>,&#8221; award-winning journalist Tatsha Robertson and Harvard economist Ronald F. Ferguson explore the how parents of successful children contributed to their achievements and the actionable insights we can glean about their child-rearing.



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">The &#8216;Formula&#8217; for successful parenting</h4>



Over the course of 15 years, Robertson and Ferguson analyzed 200 high-achieving adults and their parents. They also studied the childhoods of well-known figures, from Anne, Susan and Janet Wojcicki (who have been called the &#8220;Silicon Valley sisters&#8221;) to Albert Einstein.



In the research, a clear pattern emerged: &#8220;The approaches that parents of high achievers adopted, beginning in the earliest years of life, bore real and striking similarities, despite those parents&#8217; widely divergent backgrounds and life circumstances.



That pattern, which Robertson and Ferguson call the &#8220;Formula,&#8221; consists of eight roles: The Early Learning Partner, the Flight Engineer, the Fixer, the Revealer, the Philosopher, the Model, the Negotiator and the GPS Navigational Voice.



Einstein&#8217;s parents, Pauline and Hermann, were very supportive in all eight roles, Robertson tells <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/make-it/">CNBC Make It</a>, but they were particularly skilled at being Negotiators and Revealers.



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">The Negotiator</h4>



Negotiatorsnurture and encourage their children&#8217;s independence, but they also intervene when necessary.



For negotiators, quitting is never an option. &#8220;Once the choice is made, sticking with it for a while becomes a non-negotiable requirement. The child isn&#8217;t allowed to go back on the agreement,&#8221; writes Robertson and Ferguson. Pauline was very strict on this rule.



In 1884, a frisky young Einstein decided to throw a tantrum — and then a chair — at his violin tutor. Instead of scolding him or having him quit violin altogether, Pauline decided to hire a new tutor.



She had discovered early on that her son often struggled to concentrate, and as an accomplished pianist herself, she understood that instrumental learning was helpful in developing discipline and focus. The new tutor was effective, and Albert&#8217;s concentration improved.



&#8220;He mastered the violin and it ended up being a lifelong passion for him,&#8221; Ferguson tells&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/make-it/">CNBC Make It</a>. In fact, &#8220;[Einstein] said that some of his best theoretical physics ideas came during periods when he was playing the violin. We might not have had the theory of relativity if Pauline wasn&#8217;t persistent in making her son play the violin.&#8221;



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">The Revealer</h4>



Revealers introduce new ideas and possibilities to their children — things they can learn about, places they can go and people they can be. They encourage their children to be persistent in finding solutions to problems — and, when doing so, to be &#8220;curious, disciplined and and self-reliant.&#8221;



Even though Einstein hated school, his parents knew that it wasn&#8217;t because he had a learning disability — it was simply because he wasn&#8217;t learning muchat school. Their solution was to create a stimulating learning environment at home, where they provided him with books and toys that supplemented his interests.



As Einstein grew older, his curiosity was further fueled by Thursday lunches at home, where his parents allowed him to sit at the table with family members and scientist friends. &#8220;His uncle would be at the table, throwing tricky algebra questions to Einstein,&#8221; says Robertson. &#8220;Einstein would hoot every time he got a correct answer.&#8221;



These lunchtime seminars allowed him to interact with worldly adults who challenged him with new ideas and concepts in math, science and technology. &#8220;One young man, in particular, ended up becoming a math tutor for Albert,&#8221; says Ferguson. &#8220;And by the time [Albert] was 12 or 13, the tutor said that he was having a hard time keeping up because Albert&#8217;s skills had surpassed his own.&#8221;



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">Child-rearing is an art</h4>



It isn&#8217;t easy to nurture a genius, let alone raise one. In their case studies, the authors found that every child who went on to be successful had unique stories about how their were raised, but their plots were all the same: They had parents who made very strategic parenting choices.



Einstein was raised to embrace humility and be accepting of his failures, and it motivated him to explore the things he was passionate about. &#8220;It&#8217;s not that I&#8217;m so smart,&#8221; he once said. &#8220;It&#8217;s just that I stay with problems longer.&#8221;



This article was first published by CNBC https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/15/how-this-formula-that-helped-albert-einsteins-parents-raise-a-genius.html and is republished with its permission.

How do you raise a genius? Researchers say they’ve found the secret to successful parenting

JOHANNESBURG (Reuters) &#8211; South Africa’s rand weakened slightly early on Monday as continued rolling power cuts from the state-owned power utility weighed on market sentiment ahead of local and international economic data due later in the week.



At 0628 GMT, the rand traded at 14.4375 versus the dollar, 0.33 percent weaker than its New York close on Friday.



Eskom said it would continue with planned power cuts on Monday and Tuesday after it stepped up rolling blackouts on Saturday, underscoring the risks to businesses in Africa’s most industrialised economy.



“The announcement by Eskom that load shedding will prevail throughout the weekend curtailed more decisive rand recovery as the supply-side constraint continues to dampen the outlook for the domestic economy and feeds into deteriorating business confidence,” said NKC African Economics in a morning note.



The rand is expected to trade in a range of 14.30 rand to 14.50 rand on Monday.



The currency will await further direction from local inflation data and the U.S. Federal Reserve’s Reserve interest rate decision due later this week.



Government bonds weakened, with the yield on the benchmark instrument maturing in 2026 up 5 basis points to 8.720 percent.



Reporting by Tanisha Heiberg; Editing by Rashmi Aich

South Africa’s rand weakens as power cuts from state-owned power utility continue

PwC Steinhoff report out

<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/debby-carreau/">By Debby Carreau</a>



<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/26/5-hiring-secrets-employers-dont-want-you-to-know-according-to-an-hr-expert.html">Hiring managers</a> take a lot into account during the <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/13/these-4-interview-mistakes-are-every-hiring-managers-worst-nightmare.html">interview process</a> — and every little action counts, from your <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/01/31/6-common-body-language-mistakes-to-avoid-in-your-next-job-interview.html">body language</a> to the tone of your voice to the things you say.



Within the first&nbsp;<a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/joop.12118">15 minutes</a>&nbsp;of an interview, their top priorities include determining whether you&#8217;re capable of maintaining&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/28/what-google-learned-in-its-quest-to-build-the-perfect-team.html">positive workplace relationships</a>&nbsp;and being a team player. Sure, your actual skills and experience matter, but how you interact with your potential co-workers and and handle your responsibilities directly impacts a company&#8217;s success, your career advancement, workplace satisfaction and even your mental health.



To ensure success, you&#8217;ll want to avoid the most common behaviors that hiring managers judge you on within the first 15 minutes of the interview



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">1. Sounding overly pompous and confident</h4>



You see yourself as: A genius Hiring managers see you as: A know-it-all



It&#8217;s good to talk about all the great ideas you had in your previous jobs and how you made them work, but be somewhat humble about it and don&#8217;t take all the credit.



When you fail to acknowledge the people who helped you (i.e., your team&#8217;s contribution or your boss who provided wonderful guidance), you give your hiring manager the impression that you have a big ego and aren&#8217;t a team player. The most valuable people in an organization are the ones who acknowledge and motivate those around them, so give examples that show how you&#8217;ve demonstrated those qualities.



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">2. Saying negative things</h4>



You see yourself as: A voice of reason Hiring managers see you as: A negative Nancy



Don&#8217;t be so quick to point out the flaws in your current or previous employers and colleagues (i.e., &#8220;We weren&#8217;t meeting revenue goals because our managers were slackers.&#8221;)



A recent CareerBuilder&nbsp;<a href="http://advice.careerbuilder.com/posts/grow-up-10-bad-habits-at-work">survey</a>&nbsp;found that 62 percent of employers are less likely to promote employees who have a negative or pessimistic attitude. Always look for the positive things in your experience. If you felt overworked at a previous job, for instance, talk about how it taught you to better manage your time and set boundaries.



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">3. Having no strong opinions at all</h4>



You see yourself as: A peacekeeper&nbsp; Hiring managers see you as: An yes-man/yes-woman



You want the hiring manager to like you, but that doesn&#8217;t mean agreeing with every little thing he or she says. Employers want to hire people who are bold and have opinions that lead to innovative new ideas. These are the people who aren&#8217;t afraid to disagree or raise their hands and ask the questions that no one else will.



You&#8217;ll likely be asked questions that require an honest opinion or questions about how you would do X, Y and Z. Don&#8217;t offer generic answers. Remember that it&#8217;s OK to disagree with something as long as you have a good reason.



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">4. Bragging about having &#8216;never missed a day&#8217;</h4>



You see yourself as: A warrior Hiring managers see you as: A germ factory



Being present at work is important, but companies want to make sure their employees are smart enough to prioritize their health — it can be costly if they don&#8217;t. Going on and on about how you&#8217;ve &#8220;never missed a day at work&#8221; implies that you have a tendency to drag yourself to work on days when you&#8217;re feeling sick.



Many candidates think that a perfect attendance record is a sign of dedication, but to employers, it&#8217;s a liability. The last thing they need is an entire team being absent simply because someone came to work with a contagious illness.



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">5. Sharing too much about your personal life</h4>



You see yourself as: An open book Hiring managers see you as: An attention seeker



There&#8217;s such a thing as sharing &#8220;too much&#8221; about your personal life, from your terrible date last night to replaying the details of your recent doctor&#8217;s appointment in great detail. Talking through personal challenges with your office mates helps you process. Sometimes a good cry or venting helps you feel better. But avoid bringing any of that into the interview.



Know where to draw the line. Even if it&#8217;s something that may affect your work arrangements (i.e., you&#8217;re dealing with personal family issues and will need to work from home X days a week for X amount of time), work it out in the conversation you have&nbsp;after&nbsp;you&#8217;ve received an offer.



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">6. Not being present</h4>



You see yourself as: A (busy) VIP Hiring managers see you as: Disrespectful



Apart from being late to an interview (which is the biggest red flag), don&#8217;t risk of letting your hiring manager see a phone in your hand, especially right before he or she comes out to greet you. And don&#8217;t even think about taking it out during the interview.



Hiring managers notice all those little things, like if you take a quick glance at your phone, wristwatch or clock on the wall. If they see you checking the time, it&#8217;ll seem like you&#8217;re distracted and thinking on &#8220;more important&#8221; things. Show up early and and stay present. Let them know that this job interview is your most important priority right now. Looking &#8220;too busy&#8221; isn&#8217;t a badge of honor, it&#8217;s just disrespectful.



<a href="http://www.debbycarreau.com/">Debby Carreau</a> is an entrepreneur, author and founder of <a href="https://www.inspiredhr.ca/">Inspired HR</a>. She has been recognized as one of Canada&#8217;s Top 25 HR Professionals and is a regular contributor on multiple TV shows, Entrepreneur Magazine and many other print and online publications. She is a board member for Young Presidents Organization and Elevation Group as well as an Advisory Board member for FinDev Canada.



This article was first published by CNBC https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/14/hiring-managers-judge-you-on-these-6-little-things-within-the-first-15-minutes-of-a-job-interview.html and is republished with its permission.

6 surprising little things hiring managers judge you on within the first 15 minutes of a job interview

JOHANNESBURG (Reuters) &#8211; South Africa’s rand firmed early on Friday, reversing some of its losses from the previous session with demand for emerging market currencies boosted by new signs of a trade deal between China and the United States.



At 0730 GMT the rand was 0.41 percent firmer at 14.4800 per dollar compared to a close of 14.5400 overnight in New York.



Chinese Vice Premier Liu He spoke by telephone with U.S. Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin and U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer and the two sides made further substantive progress on trade talks, Xinhua news agency said on Friday.



Bonds also gained with the yield on the benchmark paper due in 2026 down 3.5 basis points to 8.725 percent.



Stocks opened firmer, with the Johannesburg Stock Exchange’s Top-40 index up 0.35 percent to 49,712 points.



Reporting by Mfuneko Toyana

South Africa’s rand firms as trade deal hopes rise, what you need to know…

NAIROBI (Reuters) &#8211; Kenya’s Commercial Bank of Africa said on Friday its shareholders had accepted a share swap with NIC Group, paving way for its merger.



The two banks first announced their planned merger in January, in which current NIC Group shareholders would own 47 percent of the merged entity and CBA shareholders owning 53 pct.



“As a result of the share exchange transaction, it is proposed that NIC Group will acquire sole control of CBA and its subsidiaries,” CBA said in a statement published in Kenyan newspapers.



Reporting by George Obulutsa; Editing by Clement Uwiringiyimana

Shareholders of Kenya’s Commercial Bank of Africa welcome merger with NIC Group, what you need to know

<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/courtney-connley/">By Courtney Connley</a>



When you&#8217;re prepping for a job interview, it&#8217;s important to consider not just the potential curve balls you might be pitched, but also the seemingly straightforward questions, like interviewer favorite, &#8220;Why should we hire you?&#8221;



Bestselling management author and CNBC contributor Suzy Welch tells&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/make-it/">CNBC Make It</a>&nbsp;that while this question may seem like an easy one, &#8220;you better be prepared to hit three targets in a row, because if you don&#8217;t, the next well-prepared candidate for the job will.&#8221;



&#8220;Your opening salvo should sound like this: &#8216;You should hire me because I have the skills, values and desire to deliver results from day one.'&#8221;



Then she says, you want to &#8220;amplify that statement&#8221; by taking each of the three steps below in your answer:



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">1. Highlight your skills</h4>



First, Welch says, you need to explain the skills that you bring to the table and how they make you, specifically, a &#8220;perfect fit&#8221; for the job.



She gives examples like, &#8220;You need quantitative analysis. That was my college major,&#8221; and &#8220;You&#8217;re looking for innovation. That&#8217;s exactly what I did at my last job.&#8221;



&#8220;The key here is to be as specific as possible,&#8221; Welch emphasizes. &#8220;With your particular capabilities and experiences, you are the puzzle piece the hiring company is looking for.&#8221;



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">2. Demonstrate your values</h4>



It&#8217;s time to highlight how your values and the organization&#8217;s values align.



&#8220;Here are your company&#8217;s values,&#8221; Welch recommends you say, &#8220;which I happen to know so well. And great news — I not only share those values, I embrace them.&#8221;



Welch adds that you&#8217;ll receive bonus points if you have an actual story &#8220;that shows you demonstrating that statement in action, with an example of your tenacity, say, or bent for collaboration, or authenticity.&#8221;



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">3. Tell them how much you want the job</h4>



Being transparent about how bad you want a job, Welch admits, can feel awkward. But, she says, &#8220;job hunting is an awkward and vulnerable experience, and having the poise and self-confidence to reveal your beating heart of desire to a prospective employer is amazingly powerful.&#8221;



She encourages job-seekers to frankly state how much they want a position, because employers read it as &#8220;appealing and authentic.&#8221;



You&#8217;re probably going to get this interview question. The key, Welch says, is to &#8220;not let it faze you.&#8221;



Suzy Welch is the co-founder of the&nbsp;<a href="http://jwmi.com/?mcv=jdg469">Jack Welch Management Institute</a>and a noted business journalist, TV commentator and public speaker. Think you need Suzy to fix your career? Email her at gettowork@cnbc.com.



This article was first published by CNBC https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/11/suzy-welch-how-to-answer-the-question-why-should-we-hire-you.html&nbsp;and is republished with its permission.

Improperly appointed boards spell disaster for organisations

Suzy Welch: Here’s how to answer the interview question, ‘Why should we hire you?’

JOHANNESBURG (Reuters) &#8211; The World Bank will lend Angola $1 billion to fund social security and water projects, the president’s office said on Wednesday.



Angola, Africa’s second largest oil producer, has been pushed into an economic crisis by the fall in oil prices since mid-2014.



Alongside a $500 million loan agreed earlier, which Angola is set to receive this year, the country’s treasury will now receive $1.5 billion from the World Bank over the next three years.



“We want to support the reform process that happens,” World Bank Vice President Hafez Ghanem said during a briefing with Angolan President Joao Lourenco at which the loan was announced.



The World Bank’s support for Angola focuses mainly on water, agriculture, local development, social protection, solar energy and transport.



Reporting by Ismael Botelho; Editing by Emma Rumney and Angus MacSwan

This African country is borrowing $1 billion from the World Bank

<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/karen-gilchrist/">By Karen Gilchrist</a>



Millennials and their younger &#8220;Gen Z&#8221; counterparts are used to facing sweeping criticism over their commitment to the workplace. Brandished the work-shy generation of &#8220;snowflake&#8221; tendencies, millennials are said to expect too much freedom of their employers, and yet <a href="https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages/about-deloitte/articles/burnout-survey.html">84 percent report to experiencing burnout</a> from their excessive workloads.



However, the post-1980s cohort of employees is actually inspiring meaningful ideas that will change the future of work as we know it. That&#8217;s according to a new study from human resources research firm Inavero and freelancing website Upwork, which has highlighted four major ways in which the youngest members of the workforce are setting in motion fundamental change.



Those four shifts include a growing emphasis on self-development, remote working, freelance roles and future-proofing strategies. On these core concepts, the report found a major ideological divide between baby boomers and Gen X —&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/11/generation-x--not-millennials--is-changing-the-nature-of-work.html">those born from 1965 to 1981</a>&nbsp;— at one end, and younger millennials and Gen Z at the other.



For instance, just one in 10 baby boomers feel they are personally responsible for reskilling as&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/09/17/wef-machines-are-going-to-perform-more-tasks-than-humans-by-2025.html">technology threatens the stability of many traditional careers</a>. Conversely, three times as many millennials and Gen Z-ers believe the onus is on them, rather than their employer, to develop new skills.



Meanwhile, the report which surveyed over 1,000 hiring managers based in the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/united-states/">U.S.</a>, found that younger managers were much more willing to accommodate flexible working requests of their employees — and indeed want them for themselves — then their older colleagues.



Here are the ways in which millennials and Gen Z are reshaping the workforce:



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>Reskilling &#8211;&nbsp;With job automation a growing subject of debate, almost all managers (96 percent) say they believe reskilling is important for employees. However, there is a generational divide on the best approach. While the vast majority of baby boomers feel the onus is on employers to reskill their staff, millennials and Gen Z-ers are more likely to proactively seek out self-development and training schemes.</li><li>Planning ahead &#8211;&nbsp;Younger generation managers are more likely than their elders to consider future workforce planning a top priority. Indeed, they are nearly two times more likely than baby boomers to have made progress in developing a flexible talent strategy as well as in investing in technology to support a remote workforce.</li><li>Remote working &#8211;&nbsp;Younger generation managers are more likely to embrace remote working, both for their employees and their staff. Three-quarters (74 percent) of millennial and Gen Z managers have team members who work a significant portion of their time remotely, versus 58 percent of baby boomers. By 2028, 73 percent of all teams are expected to have remote workers.</li><li>Embracing freelancers &#8211;&nbsp;Millennial managers are more than twice as likely as baby boomers to have increased their use of freelancers in the past few years, and are projected to continue increasing their usage going forward. That is due to the value they see in terms of productivity and cost efficiencies.</li></ul>



With the majority of baby boomers on the cusp of retirement, and a new wave of millennials and Gen Z-ers set to join the workforce in the coming years, that gives an indication of kinds of ideas that likely lie ahead, Upwork&#8217;s CEO Stephane Kasriel told&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/make-it/">CNBC Make It</a>.



&#8220;As younger generations ascend in the workforce and become the majority of managers in corporate America they&#8217;ll reshape work as we know it,&#8221; said Kasriel.



Millennials and Gen Z currently account for slightly over a third of the workforce (38 percent). In the next decade, that figure is set to shoot up to 58 percent, making the youthful generations the most dominant in the workplace. With that will come a greater number of them in managerial positions, too. Already today, 48 percent of younger generation managers are director level or higher.



Kasriel explained that it means employees can expect to see more support from their managers for flexible and unconventional work structures.



&#8220;The traditional 9-to-5 office job doesn&#8217;t adequately support the lives millennials and Gen Zs want to live,&#8221; he said. &#8220;They are flexible-work natives, raised during and after the dotcom bubble, where the acceleration of technology has sped up exponentially over time.



&#8220;As they ascend into managerial positions, they&#8217;re ditching traditional, archaic models of work in favor of a flexible, remote workforce. They&#8217;ll work with more freelancers, invest in reskilling and empower their teams to work remotely.&#8221;



Kasriel also noted that it creates opportunities for millennials and Gen Z-ers who enter managerial positions to right some of the wrongs of his own older generation.



&#8220;They should fix the issues that my generation didn&#8217;t see coming or didn&#8217;t have the courage to fix,&#8221; Kasriel said of millennial managers. More specifically, that should include investing in lifelong learning for employees and encouraging flexible working structures to increase their freedoms and reduce pressures on some of the most overcrowded cities, he said.



&#8220;It&#8217;s time to build the workforce of the 21st century, and the social contract that goes with it,&#8221; said Kasriel.



This article was first published by CNBC https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/05/how-millennials-and-gen-z-are-reshaping-the-future-of-the-workforce.html and is republished with its permission.

How millennials and Gen Z are reshaping the future of the workforce

NAIROBI (Reuters) &#8211; France signed infrastructure contracts in Kenya worth more than 2 billion euros ($2.26 billion) on Thursday, including a 1.6 billion euro 30-year concession for a Vinci-led consortium to operate a highway between Nairobi and Mau Summit.



Renewables firm Voltalia also sealed a 70 million euro contract for two solar power plants, while an Airbus-led consortium won a 200 million euro contract for coastal and maritime surveillance.



The contracts were signed during a visit by President Emmanuel Macron, who is seeking to boost trade in the East Africa region.



($1 = 0.8860 euros)



Reporting by John Irish; Editing by Richard Lough/Sudip Kar-Gupta

France signs contracts worth over 2 billion euros in this East African country

<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/tom-huddleston-jr/">By Tom Huddleston </a>



The <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/11/tim-berners-lee-the-web-is-dysfunctional-with-perverse-incentives.html">World Wide Web</a> is 30 years old today.



Three decades ago — on March 12, 1989, to be exact — British computer scientist Sir Tim Berners-Lee submitted his proposal for what&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/09/10-ways-the-web-and-internet-have-transformed-our-lives.html">would become the World Wide Web</a>&nbsp;to his boss at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN).



Today, Berners-Lee is considered an internet pioneer. However, the feedback that Berners-Lee received from his boss for the revolutionary idea in 1989 was not quite as exuberant as you might expect.



&#8220;Vague, but exciting…&#8221; was the simple, and somewhat understated,&nbsp;<a href="http://info.cern.ch/Proposal.html">hand-written reaction</a>&nbsp;scribbled on Berners-Lee&#8217;s proposal by his boss at CERN at the time, Mike Sendall.



Happily, Sendall approved Berners-Lee&#8217;s proposal and, a year later, Sendall gave Berners-Lee permission to buy a high-performance NeXT computer (built by Steve Jobs, after he left Apple, and designed for technical and scientific work) that would become<a href="http://collection.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects/co8232360/next-cube-computer-1990-personal-computer">&nbsp;the world&#8217;s first web server</a>.



Berners-Lee had submitted his idea in <a href="https://www.w3.org/History/1989/proposal.html">a paper</a> titled &#8220;Information Management: A Proposal,&#8221; in which he argued for the creation of an information management system he described as &#8220;a large hypertext database with typed links.&#8221; The idea was to offer universal access to use the then-nascent internet, not just to communicate, but to store and access vast troves of online documents and data.



While the internet itself already existed in 1989 — in the form of large networks of connected computers — Berners-Lee&#8217;s proposal is now credited as the first step toward the World Wide Web as we know it today. The &#8220;web&#8221; (as it&#8217;s now commonly called) refers to the way we typically navigate the internet by clicking on hypertext to visit websites and access various types of data online.



Berners-Lee built the world&#8217;s&nbsp;<a href="http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html">first website</a>&nbsp;in 1991, using the same NeXT computer to create a page simply titled &#8220;World Wide Web,&#8221; featuring links to additional pages with information on himself, his team of scientists and the history of their project, among other things.



The website&#8217;s landing page described the World Wide Web as &#8220;a wide-area hypermedia information retrieval initiative aiming to give universal access to a large universe of documents.&#8221; Today, we just call it &#8220;the web.&#8221;



Meanwhile, Berners-Lee himself has become fairly outspoken about the direction the web has taken in recent years. On Monday, <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/11/tim-berners-lee-the-web-is-dysfunctional-with-perverse-incentives.html">he published a letter</a> saying the web is no longer a &#8220;force for good&#8221; and laying out three &#8220;sources of dysfunction&#8221; on the modern internet. Those include malicious online behavior like government hacking and online bullying, as well as companies&#8217; pursuit of advertising revenue that can result in the spread of misinformation and the exploitation of users&#8217; personal information.



This article was first published by CNBC https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/12/feedback-world-wide-web-inventor-berners-lee-got-from-boss-on-the-idea.html and is republished with its permission.

The World Wide Web turned 30 this month — this is the feedback its inventor got when he pitched the idea to his boss in 1989

ABUJA (Reuters) &#8211; Jumia, the African e-commerce company of German start-up investor Rocket Internet, has filed for a New York initial public offering, which could value the firm at $1.6 billion or more. 



Jumia, founded in 2012 offers online shopping, logistics and payment services, but is losing money. The company says its business is expanding, and the continent’s development will make it a better market, with a growing young population, more infrastructure investments, urbanisation and rapid economic growth.



The New York filing did not say how many shares Jumia would sell, nor at what price. Morgan Stanley, Citigroup, Berenberg and RBC Capital Markets are leading the IPO.



In December, Jumia was valued at 1.4 billion euros ($1.6 billion) with shares at 14.74 euros, according to the filing.



Jumia, which now counts Nigeria as its largest market, makes money both selling its own products, and taking a cut from third-party sales. In 2018, revenues were 130.6 million euros, up from 94 million euros the previous year.



However, losses also rose, from 165.4 million euros in 2017 to 170.4 million euros in 2018. By the end of December, accumulated losses were 862 million euros, the firm said.



In the IPO prospectus Jumia said that the value of goods sold on its platforms is increasing at a more rapid pace than losses &#8211; from 507.1 million euros in 2017 to 828.2 million euros in 2018.



Jumia’s active users, people who buy something at least once in the past year, increased to 4 million at the end of last December form 2.7 million a year earlier.



Apart from Rocket Internet, which owned 21.74 percent of Jumia as of the end of December, MTN Group held 31.28 percent. Other, smaller shareholders include Millicom International, AXA Africa Holding and Goldman Sachs.



($1 = 0.8857 euros)



Reporting by Paul Carsten; Additional reporting by Arno Schuetze; Editing by Susan Fenton

African e-commerce firm Jumia set to list on New York Stock Exchange, what you need to know

<figure>
 <img decoding="async" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/261869/original/file-20190304-110107-162s7z1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;q=45&#038;auto=format&#038;w=754&#038;fit=clip" alt="File 20190304 110107 162s7z1.jpg?ixlib=rb 1.1" />
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 In one year alone 380,000 domestic applicants didn’t get a university place in Nigeria.
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<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/david-mba-700207">David Mba</a>, <a href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/de-montfort-university-1254">De Montfort University</a>

Why are Nigeria’s universities in such a sorry state? Some would say it had to do with just one word: money. Sadly this is part of the reason. But not entirely. 

Nigeria’s universities have been under-funded for <a href="https://repository.library.northeastern.edu/files/neu:cj82pz897/fulltext.pdf">decades</a>. Like a talented but under-achieving football team, fail to achieve goals because the country hasn’t invested enough in their structure, their facilities and their people.

Higher education in Nigeria includes universities (federal, state and private) as well as polytechnics (skills-intensive and experiential learning programmes) and colleges of education. With over 160 universities, 128 polytechnics and 177 colleges of education, it constitutes the <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273699592_Higher_Education_in_Nigeria_and_the_Emergence_of_Private_Universities">largest higher education system</a> in Africa. 

My colleague Professor Val Ekechukwu, the Dean of Engineering at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, and I did a <a href="https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/02/03/are-nigerias-universities-hitting-enough-goals/">review</a> of Nigeria’s top 12 universities to assess their academic output. This review was undertaken as part of a comparative assessment of Nigerian universities to other emerging global economies (Brazil, Turkey and Thailand). The review hasn’t been published in an academic journal but its contents have been made available to readers interested in the development of tertiary education in Nigeria <a href="https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/02/03/are-nigerias-universities-hitting-enough-goals/">via news outlets</a>.

We found that the country’s universities lag well behind equivalent emerging global economies like South Africa, Egypt, Thailand, Turkey and Brazil. They also lag behind traditional world leaders. 

We sourced the data for our paper from <a href="https://www.scival.com/">SciVal</a>. This tracks the research performance of over 10,400 research institutions from 230 countries. 

<h2>The problems</h2>

Decades of under-funding in universities has had dramatic consequences. These include:

<ul>
<li>Nigeria’s university system isn’t big enough. The country’s <a href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ni.html">population</a> is now pushing towards 200 million, over 60% of which is under the age of 25 years. Demand for university places vastly exceeds current capacity. In 2017, 380,000 domestic university applicants didn’t get a <a href="https://thepienews.com/analysis/two-million-applicants-for-750k-places-nigerias-bid-to-tackle-its-capacity-issue/">university place</a>.</li>
<li>Nigerian universities lack prestige. According to the 2019 Times Higher Education world university rankings, <a href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/student/best-universities/best-universities-africa">Nigeria has two</a> universities in the world’s top thousand – Covenant University and the University of Ibadan. This compares to nine from South Africa – out of a total of <a href="https://www.usaf.ac.za/public-universities-in-south-africa/">26 in total</a> – and 11 from Egypt.</li>
<li>Universities under-perform on research. According to our research, Nigeria’s universities produce only 44% of the “scholarly output” of South Africa and 32% of Egypt. This is despite the fact that Nigeria has nearly four times more universities than Egypt and over six times more than South Africa.</li>
<li>The higher education sector loses local talent and fails to replace it. According to <a href="http://uis.unesco.org/en/uis-student-flow">UNESCO data</a>, over 60,000 of Nigeria’s brightest students – equivalent to 375 students for each of our 160 universities – choose to study abroad. There’s nothing intrinsically wrong with this. The trouble in Nigeria’s case is that it fails to attract the equivalent in foreign students. It becomes a “brain drain” rather than the “brain exchange” it could be.</li>
</ul>

And yet, the education budget in Nigeria has seen <a href="https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/04/education-free-fall/">little or no change</a> over the last few years, and government funding of education remains low. In 2018, it was just over 7% of the national budget. This level of funding, as a percentage of the total budget, has remained stagnant since 2009 when it was 7.25%. 

A widely-used international indicator to measure the level of investment in research is the Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development. It’s measured as a percentage of the total economic activity in a country or Gross Domestic Product.

The <a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/gb.xpd.rsdv.gd.zs">world average</a> is a healthy 1.77%. But African countries lag behind. In South Africa it is <a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?locations=ZA">0.76%</a> and in Egypt it’s <a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?locations=EG">0.4%</a>. 

Nigeria trails behind even its African equivalents at <a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?locations=NG">0.2%</a>.

<h2>How to fix the problem</h2>

Nigeria is Africa’s biggest economy and most populous country. Why then, when it comes to university education, does it behave more like a backwater than the mainstream it should be? What can be done? 

We would argue that improving the outcomes of Nigeria’s universities requires investment, powered by a national strategic vision and matched with good governance.

The Nigerian University Commission has <a href="https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/238940-number-nigerian-universities-may-double-nuc-considers-200-new-private-university-applications.html">indicated</a> that it intends to increase university capacity by supporting the creation of new private universities. But indications show that the commission hasn’t focused on the level of scholarly output. Quantity is of limited use unless accompanied by quality.

Offering joint faculties or schools between foreign and local institutions would be another way of bringing investment into Nigerian universities. The foreign investment model has led to significant improvements in the quality of education in other countries, for example in <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322222847_Education_and_Economic_Growth_A_Case_Study_in_Malaysia">Malaysia</a>. 

But turning to the international market for investment would require significant policy and governance changes within the Nigerian University Commission.

To improve university research activity, the proposed establishment of the National Research and Innovation Foundation as detailed in the <a href="http://workspace.unpan.org/sites/internet/Documents/UNPAN048879.pdf">Science, Technology and Innovation Policy of 2011</a>, is now urgently required. An established research and innovation foundation could have responsibility to fund research and development across all subject areas, and monitor its quality.

It’s vital that the strategic vision of the foundation is aligned with the economic objectives of the country. This will ensure the development of strong research in subjects critical to the economy.

Of course, decades of neglect will not be remedied in a year. There are competing demands for government funds, such as in areas from transport infrastructure to health. But there must be a strong political will to improve universities year on year, and make education a long-term priority.

Nigeria has just voted for a <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/26/muhammadu-buhari-to-claim-victory-in-nigerias-presidential-election">new government</a>. Let us hope the new government has a vision for Nigeria’s tertiary education – a vision that will give a youthful, vibrant Nigeria the universities it deserves.

Professor Val Ekechukwu, the Dean of Engineering at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, contributed to the research.<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/112717/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important" />

<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/david-mba-700207">David Mba</a>, Pro Vice-Chancellor and Dean of Computing, Engineering and Media, <a href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/de-montfort-university-1254">De Montfort University</a>

This article is republished from <a href="http://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/nigerias-universities-are-performing-poorly-what-can-be-done-about-it-112717">original article</a>.

Why are Nigeria’s universities performing poorly and what is the solution?

NAIROBI (Reuters) &#8211; The Kenyan shilling edged down against the dollar on Wednesday due to dollar demand from the manufacturing and energy sector outweighing inflows from diaspora remittances, traders said.



At 0800 GMT, commercial banks quoted the shilling at 100.05/25 per dollar, compared with 99.85/100.05 at Tuesday’s close.



Reporting by John Ndiso; Editing by Clement Uwiringiyimana

Why the Kenyan shilling is under pressure against the dollar

By <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/tapiwa-chagonda-554954">Tapiwa Chagonda</a>, <a href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-johannesburg-1275">University of Johannesburg</a>

The Movement for Democratic Change-Alliance, Zimbabwe’s largest opposition party, has announced that it will hold its elective congress in May 2019. The announcement has stirred interest – inside and outside the party. This is because there could be an intriguing contest for the presidency of the party between the incumbent <a href="https://informationcradle.com/africa/nelson-chamisa/">Nelson Chamisa</a> and the secretary-general <a href="https://pindula.co.zw/Douglas_Mwonzora">Douglas Mwonzora</a>. The two have a history of rivalry.

Mwonzora is Chamisa’s political nemesis. In 2014 Mwonzora unexpectedly won a contest for the position of secretary-general even though Chamisa, as organising secretary, was in a position to influence party structures in his favour and had been nominated by 11 out of 12 provinces. One theory is that the MDC’s former leader Morgan Tsvangirai, who died of cancer in <a href="https://www.enca.com/africa/zimbabwean-opposition-leader-tsvangirai-dies">February 2018</a>, engineered Mwonzora’s victory by influencing the voting patterns of congress delegates. The reason given for this is that he wanted to curtail Chamisa’s political ambitions because of his perceived role in the MDC’s surprising poor showing in the 2013 national elections.

After his defeat, Chamisa was relegated to an ordinary party member, until Tsvangirai brought him back into the MDC’s executive. The speculation is that Tsvangirai did this because he sensed that Chamisa was still popular within the party’s structures, especially among younger members. 

A Mwonzora victory is worrying for some of Chamisa’s most fervent supporters. This is because they believe Chamisa is the future of the party. He’s only 41 years old. Also, they believe he gave Zanu-Pf candidate Emmerson Mnangagwa a run for his money in the 2018 presidential elections. Chamisa’s camp believes he’s better placed to defeat Mnangagwa in the 2023 elections because of his <a href="https://www.iol.co.za/news/africa/2018zimelections-who-is-nelson-chamisa-16237399">widespread national appeal</a>. 

Mwonzora too has his fair share of supporters. He’s also widely respected within the MDC because of his easy going temperament. 

What this all adds up to is that a victory by either candidate could split the party for the umpteenth time. Even a contest carries risks because the MDC has a chequered history in which violence has been used regularly against opposing factions. If the two do contest the party presidency in May – and Mwonzora in the past few days has <a href="https://www.zimbabwesituation.com/news/i-will-be-tougher-for-zanu-pf-says-mwonzora/">hinted that he might</a> – their supporters’ tactics could heighten the danger of violence and intimidation. This could further divide or damage the party and set Zimbabwean democracy back after decades of authoritarian rule. 

<h2>Troubled past</h2>

Tsvangirai’s MDC had a “T” at the end – which stood for Tsvangirai himself. This was to distinguish his MDC from the <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/MDC-Welshman_Ncube">Welshman Ncube MDC</a> which had cut ties with Tsvangirai. Ncube was the founding secretary-general of the MDC. 

Just before he died Tsvangirai had agreed to bring back former “rebels” who had been founding members of the party. This included Welshman Ncube, Tendai Biti and Job Sikhala. For his part, Chamisa agreed to accommodate and rope in his former “comrades-in-arms” into his election campaign. 

The coalition under their umbrella became known as <a href="https://www.news24.com/Africa/Zimbabwe/zim-chamisa-forced-to-register-mdc-alliance-as-a-political-party-amid-squabbles-20180616">the MDC-Alliance party</a> just before Zimbabwe’s 2018 elections. The reason for the name change was that former MDC member Thokozani Khupe was arguing in the courts that her formation was the bona fide MDC-T. 

A succession puzzle was created in the MDC-Alliance when Tsvangirai, as president and before his death, appointed Chamisa as head of policy and research and then as one of three deputy presidents of the party. This muddying of the waters appears to have been deliberate. It meant that Tsvangirai could easily play his deputies against each other if he felt threatened by any one of them. 

But having three vice-presidents – Chamisa, Elias Mudzuri and Thokozani Khupe – didn’t do the party any favours. After Tsvangirai’s death a bloody battle for succession ensued, and led to another split in the party.

<h2>The contest hots up</h2>

The MDC’s May congress has inevitably sucked in the ruling Zanu-PF. The two have been at loggerheads since 1999 when the <a href="https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6ad8338.html">original MDC was formed</a>. A succession of bruising electoral contests, including the highly disputed 2008 elections which the MDC-T was <a href="https://theconversation.com/how-are-elections-really-rigged-mr-trump-consult-robert-mugabe-68440">widely believed to have won</a>, galvanised the ruling Zanu-PF party into resolving to weaken, if not destroy, the MDC brand. 

It’s against this backdrop that Zanu-PF is being accused of having a role in the unfolding MDC-Alliance drama ahead of the impending congress. 

Some top MDC-Alliance leaders in Chamisa’s camp have been claiming that the governing Zanu-PF has set aside between US$ 4 million to US$6 million to pay MDC delegates to vote for Mwonzora <a href="https://nehandaradio.com/2019/03/03/zanu-pf-pouring-millions-to-influence-mdc-congress/">at the party congress</a>. Biti, who is currently the party’s vice-chairperson, has said he will reject any candidates sponsored by Zanu-PF.

<h2>Best case scenario</h2>

As party leader Chamisa has the opportunity to foster peace, tolerance and democracy. He should make sure that the lead up to the congress is violence- free and that party members who are in good standing can contest any post without being intimidated.

He needs to be wary of political sycophants within his party who want to turn him into a demigod, as was the case during Mugabe’s long reign as the leader of Zanu-PF. Chamisa has already shown that he has nothing to fear from a fair contest.<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/112967/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important" />

<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/tapiwa-chagonda-554954">Tapiwa Chagonda</a>, Associate Professor of Sociology, <a href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-johannesburg-1275">University of Johannesburg</a>

This article is republished from <a href="http://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/zimbabwes-mdc-faces-a-leadership-contest-but-can-it-be-peaceful-112967">original article</a>.

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